Abstract：The Resource Committee is a specialized agency responsible for industrial construction under the National Government. On the eve of the outbreak of Anti-Japanese War, the Committee was engaged in investigating the national defense industry construction, and began to establish industrial and mining enterprises. In the early days of the war against aggression, the Committee was busy in arranging the enterprises directly under the central government to transfer to the rear, while organizing and leading the coastal private enterprises to move to the rear and continue production there. So a large number of elements of industrial development were injected into the rear in a short period of time, and the industrialization of the rear was driven and developed at an extraordinary speed. Since then, the Resources Committee had become the largest operational and regulatory agency of the national capital industrial enterprises in the period of the Republic of China.

Keyword：the Anti-Japanese War;the Resource Committee;industrial construction;