赵军，文蓬涛，傅贵，等. 危险化学品企业事故隐患管控屏障模型研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版), doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024110018.

ZHAO J, WEN P T, FU G, et al. Research on the barrier model for controlling accident hazards in hazardous chemical enterprises [J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University (Natural Science), doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024110018.

危险化学品企业事故隐患管控屏障模型研究(网络首发)

赵军¹，文蓬涛¹，傅贵²，梁含笑¹，李奇³，关磊⁴，王晗⁴，张锎⁴

（1.新疆维吾尔自治区应急管理科学研究院，新疆维吾尔自治区 乌鲁木齐 830000；2.中国矿业大学（北京）应急管理与安全工程学院，北京100083；青岛康安保化工安全咨询有限公司，山东 青岛 266000；4.中国安全生产科学研究院，北京 100012）

摘要: 目的 加强危险化学品安全监管，预防危险化学品企业安全生产事故是当下安全管理面临的重要课题和迫切需要。在已知风险分析方法存在难以理解的情况下，提出易于理解的隐患管控屏障模型，该模型的主要目标不同于大多数通过定量风险分析方法得出结论，而是在各作业阶段进行风险沟通，提高风险意识。方法 以危险与可操作性分析（HAZOP）为基础，结合保护层分析(LOPA)半定量分析方法，对保护层的有效性予以进一步评估，利用PHAST软件对危险源泄漏进行模拟并对该场景的修正因子进行修正，利用“24 Model”理论提出安全绩效标准，得出相关安全屏障；最终以改进的Bow-tie方法建立危险化学品企业事故隐患管控屏障模型。结果 经过在某大型氯碱化工企业历时3 a的应用研究，取得了良好的成效，形成易于理解的风险分析画面，从而提高风险沟通和认识，并对事故隐患管控屏障模型中的每一类关键安全屏障明确其负责岗位、关键程度和国家标准规范的要求。结论 研究结果可为危险化学品企业消除事故隐患提供相关依据，为危险化学品企业安全事故防控提供了非常重要的参考和借鉴。

关键词：危险化学品；HAZOP；LOPA；安全屏障；事故预控；化工安全

中图分类号：X937

doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024110018

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52404249）；新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目（2022B03004）；新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目（2022B03004-1）

收稿日期：2024-11-08

修回日期：2025-09-26

网络首发日期：2025-12-03

Research on the barrier model for controlling accident hazards in hazardous chemical enterprises (Online)

Zhao Jun¹, Wen Pengtao¹, Fu Gui², Liang Hanxiao¹, Li Qi³, Guan Lei⁴,Wang Han⁴, Zhang Kai⁴

(1.Emergency Management Science Research Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Urumqi 830000, China; 2.School of Emergeney Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 3.Qingdao Kang'anbao Chemical Safety Consulting limited company, Shandong Qingdao 266000, China; 4.China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China)

Abstract: Objectives The known risk analysis methods have phenomena that are difficult to understand. A model for hazard control barriers that is easy to understand is proposed. The main goal of this model is different from most that conclude through quantitative risk analysis methods; instead, it focuses on risk communication at each operational stage to enhance risk awareness. Methods This article based on Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP), using the Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) semi-quantitative method, further assess the effectiveness of the protective layers, simulate the release of hazards using PHAST software and adjust the correction factors for this scenario, propose safety performance standards using the "24 Model" theory definition, to determine the relevant safety barriers. Ultimately, establish a hazard control barrier model for chemical enterprises using the improved Bow-tie method. Results After three years of applied research in a major chlor-alkali chemical industry enterprise, significant results were achieved, forming a visual risk profile, make it easier for employees to understand, enhancing risk communication and awareness, and clearly define the responsible positions, criticality, and national standards and regulations requirements for each type of key safety barrier in the barrier model for controlling  accident hazard. Conclusions The research results can provide relevant basis for eliminating accident risks for hazardous chemical enterprises, offering very important references and insights for the pre-control of major safety accidents in hazardous chemical enterprises in Xinjiang.

Key words: hazardous chemical; HAZOP; LOPA; safety barrier; accident prevention control; chemical safety

CLC: X937