张巨银, 张学宗, 张永楠,等.考虑随机预紧力的多层容器应力状态研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版)，doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2026010046.

ZHANG J Y, ZHANG X Z, ZHANG Y N, et al． Study on the stress state of multi-layer vessels considering random pre-tightening forces[J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University( Natural Science)， doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2026010046.

考虑随机预紧力的多层容器应力状态研究(网络首发)

张巨银1，张学宗2，张永楠2，王学平1，薛睿渊2，李林彬2

1.甘肃省特种设备检验检测研究院，甘肃 兰州730050；2. 兰州理工大学 石油化工学院，甘肃 兰州730050

摘要：目的 为确保多层包扎容器能够长期安全稳定服役，并向其全寿命周期的安全性能评估提供理论依据，对多层容器受载后的真实应力分布规律展开研究。方法 对某多层包扎高压反应釜开展水压梯度试验，测量筒体表面的离散应变数据。在此基础上建立包含层板几何细节的有限元模型，对比容器受载后理论解和实测值的误差，论证层间预紧力对其应力分布的影响。然后建立考虑随机分布层间预紧力的筒体模型，结合水压试验过程中离散测点的应力变化特征和考虑预紧力影响的模拟结果，研究多层容器层间隙的闭合行为和整体的应力分布规律。结果 研究表明，出厂水压试验可有效压合初始层板间隙，促进多层容器协同承载。然而，在不均匀预紧力与内压共同作用下，筒体应力分布在径向和周向均呈现显著非均匀性与随机波动特征。这种复杂应力状态不仅增加了局部塑性变形或微裂纹萌生风险，还可能诱发棘轮效应，从而显著降低容器在交变载荷下的疲劳寿命。结论 多层包扎容器应力状态受制造工艺引起的随机预紧力影响显著，其承载行为与均匀单层筒体存在本质差异。在生产过程中需要改进工艺增加预紧力的均匀性，为确保安全运行，在服役中应制定合理的操作压力规程以减缓循环损伤积累，同时必须加强定期检验，对高应力振荡区域进行重点监测与早期损伤识别。

关键词: 多层包扎容器；水压试验，应力状态；预紧力；不均匀性

doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2026010046

基金项目: 国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2024MK129)；甘肃省重点研发计划项目(24YFGA018)；甘肃省特种设备检验检测研究院重点研发项目(TZ202206)

收稿日期：2026-01-21

修回日期：2026-03-17

网络首发日期：2026-04-23

Study on the stress state of multi-layer vessels considering random pre-tightening forces (Online)

ZHANG Juyin1, ZHANG Xuezong2, ZHANG Yongnan2, WANG Xueping1, XUE Ruiyuan2, LI Linbin2

1. Gansu Special Equipment Inspection and Testing Institute, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China;   2. School of Petrochemical Engineering，Lanzhou University of Technology，Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China

Abstract: Objectives To ensure the long-term safe and stable operation of the multilayer wrapped vessel and to provide a theoretical basis for safety assessment throughout its life cycle, this study investigates the real stress distribution characteristics of multilayer vessels under loading. Methods A hydraulic pressure gradient test was conducted on a multilayer wrapped high-pressure reactor, during which discrete strain data on the outer surface of the cylinder were measured. Based on these measurements, a finite element model incorporating detailed geometric features of the layered plates was established. The discrepancies between theoretical solutions and experimental measurements after loading were compared to evaluate the influence of interlayer pre-tightening forces on stress distribution. Subsequently, a cylinder model considering randomly distributed interlayer pre-tightening forces was developed. By combining the stress variation characteristics at discrete measurement points during the hydraulic test with simulation results that account for pre-tightening effects, the closure behavior of interlayer gaps and the overall stress distribution pattern of the multilayer vessel were investigated. Results The results indicate that the factory hydrostatic test can effectively close the initial gaps between layers and promote cooperative load-bearing among the multilayer plates. However, under the combined effects of non-uniform pre-tightening forces and internal pressure, the stress distribution of the cylinder exhibits significant non-uniformity and random fluctuations in both radial and circumferential directions. This complex stress state not only increases the risk of localized plastic deformation or microcrack initiation but may also induce ratcheting effects, thereby significantly reducing the fatigue life of the vessel under cyclic loading. Conclusions The stress state of multilayer wrapped vessels is significantly influenced by the random pre-tightening forces introduced during manufacturing, resulting in load-bearing behavior fundamentally different from that of uniform single-layer cylinders. Therefore, manufacturing processes should be improved to enhance the uniformity of pre-tightening forces. To ensure safe operation during service, appropriate operating pressure regulations should be established to mitigate the accumulation of cyclic damage. In addition, regular inspections must be strengthened, with particular attention paid to regions exhibiting high stress oscillations to enable early damage detection and monitoring.

Key words: multi-layer wrapped vessel; hydrostatic test; stress state; pre-tightening force; fatigue life; non-uniformity