徐荣超, 阎震, 周文朋,等.饱水作用对白砂岩抗拉强度及声发射特性影响的试验研究[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,44(4):160-169.

XU R C, YAN Z, ZHOU W P, et al. Experimental study on the effect of water saturation on the tensile strength and acoustic emission characteristics of white sandstone [J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University (Natural Science) , 2025, 44(4): 160-169.

饱水作用对白砂岩抗拉强度及声发射特性影响的试验研究

徐荣超1, 阎震1, 周文朋2, 胡玉波1, 王怡博1, 高粱1

1.华北水利水电大学 地球科学与工程学院，河南 郑州  450046；2.中国水利水电第十一工程局有限公司，河南 郑州  450001

摘要: 目的 为研究饱水作用对白砂岩的力学损伤，从宏观角度分析饱水作用对白砂岩的抗拉强度、声发射特性和劈裂节理面形貌的影响机制。 方法 分别对饱水及天然状态的白砂岩进行巴西劈裂和声发射实时监测试验，分析饱水作用对白砂岩的影响。 结果 结果表明：（1）饱水作用导致白砂岩内部的矿物颗粒溶解，颗粒间的黏聚力下降，引起砂岩力学损伤，抗拉强度下降；（2）受饱水作用影响，白砂岩变形、抗拉强度降低导致其加载过程单位面积劈裂能量显著下降；（3）饱水作用后，砂岩声发射计数、累计能量在前期活动中减弱，且声发射计数、累计能量峰值均晚于荷载峰值出现；（4）基于声发射RA-AF的破裂类型分析表明，饱水后白砂岩的拉伸破裂占比减小，剪切破裂占比提升，2种状态的白砂岩试样在接近峰值荷载时，剪切破裂数量均出现明显增长；（5）饱水后，声发射b值降低，白砂岩劈裂过程中小尺度破裂占比下降，大尺度破裂占比提升，岩石劈裂加载时声发射实时b值的陡降可以作为试样破坏的前兆特征；（6）受饱水作用影响，白砂岩劈裂节理面的粗糙度指标均出现下降。 结论 饱水作用后白砂岩抗拉强度下降显著，大尺度破裂占比提升，劈裂节理面的粗糙度降低。 

关键词:饱水作用;砂岩;抗拉强度;声发射;节理面形貌

doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2023120016

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51709113）；河南省科技攻关计划项目（222102320141）

收稿日期:2023/12/07

修回日期:2024/04/30

出版日期:2025/06/19

Experimental study on the effect of water saturation on the tensile strength and acoustic emission characteristics of white sandstone

Xu Rongchao1, Yan Zhen1, Zhou Wenpeng2, Hu Yubo1, Wang Yibo1, Gao Liang1

1.College of Geosciences and Engineering， North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power， Zhengzhou  450046， Henan， China；2.Sinohydro Bureau 11 Co.， Ltd.， Zhengzhou  450001， Henan， China

Abstract: Objectives To investigate the mechanical degradation of white sandstone under water saturation by analyzing the macroscopic effect of saturation on tensile strength， acoustic emission （AE） characteristics， and fracture surface morphology. Methods Brazilian splitting tests and real-time AE monitoring were conducted on white sandstone specimens in both water-saturated and natural （dry） states to assess the effect of water saturation. Results The experimental results indicate that： （1） Saturation leads to the dissolution of mineral particles within the white sandstone， reducing the cohesion between particles， causing mechanical damage and an 11.3% decrease in tensile strength； （2） The deformation and strength reduction caused by saturation result in a significant decrease in the unit area splitting energy during loading； （3） After saturation， the acoustic emission count and cumulative energy weaken during early activity， with their  peak values occurring later than the peak load； （4） Acoustic emission RA-AF analysis shows that the proportion of tensile fractures decreases after saturation， while shear fractures increase. In both saturated and natural states， shear fractures increase sharply near peak load； （5） The acoustic emission b-value decreases after saturation，  indicating a reduction in small-scale fractures and an increase in large-scale fractures during splitting. A sharp drop in real-time b-value during loading can serve as a precursor to specimen failure； （6） Saturation causes a decrease in roughness indicators of the splitting joint surface， including root mean square slope， roughness profile index， actual joint surface area， and roughness coefficient. Conclusions Water saturation significantly reduces the tensile strength of white sandstone， increases the proportion of large-scale fractures， and results in a smoother fracture surface. 

Key words: water saturation; sandstone; tensile strength; acoustic emission; joint surface morphology