王金星, 杨涵, 杨小林,等.某金矿全尾砂絮凝沉降参数优化及机理分析[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,44(5):91-99.

WANG J X, YANG H, YANG X L,et al.Optimization and mechanistic analysis of flocculation and sedimentation parameters for unclassified gold mine tailings[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2025,44(5):91-99.

某金矿全尾砂絮凝沉降参数优化及机理分析

王金星1,2, 杨涵1,2, 杨小林1, 陈峰宾1,2, 焦华喆1,2

1.河南理工大学 土木工程学院，河南 焦作  454000；2.煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用省部共建协同创新中心，河南 焦作  454000

摘要: 目的 针对全尾砂浓密脱水困难、底流质量浓度低等问题，优化全尾砂絮凝沉降参数并分析其作用机理。  方法 选择合适的速凝剂，构建试验系统模拟深锥浓密机；以耙架剪切速度、尾砂入料质量浓度、絮凝剂单耗、絮凝剂溶液浓度为自变量因素，以底流质量浓度作为研究指标，借助Design-Expert软件设计了29组试验，根据试验结果构建二次多项式回归模型；综合回归模型方差分析和响应曲面分析，探究单因素和多因素交互作用对底流质量浓度的影响，确定最优絮凝沉降参数；分析絮凝剂及耙架剪切作用机理。  结果 以分子量为2 000万的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺为絮凝剂的浓密试验中，尾砂入料质量浓度是影响底流质量浓度的最显著性单因素，耙架剪切速度和尾砂入料质量浓度的交互作用是影响底流质量浓度的最显著性因素。  结论 絮凝沉降模型的最优试验参数组合为尾砂入料质量浓度21.24%、耙架剪切速率0.121 r/min、絮凝剂单耗6.73 g/t、絮凝剂溶液质量浓度0.031%，此条件下底流质量浓度为55.28%。在絮凝剂单耗适中的情况下，絮凝剂通过水解形成的高分子链均匀分布在溶液中，可充分吸附尾砂颗粒，单耗过高和过低，都不能充分发挥絮凝剂的架桥作用。耙架剪切对尾砂浓密的机理在于剪切作用能破坏封闭的絮团结构，解放封闭在絮团内部的水，使絮团能结合更多的尾砂颗粒，密度增加，在重力作用下向下运动，增加了浓密机的底流质量浓度。

关键词:全尾砂;因素交互作用;絮凝沉降模型;浓密机理

DOI:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2023070017

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51834001）；中国博士后科学基金资助项目（2022T150195）

收稿日期:2023/07/10

修回日期:2023/12/08

出版日期:2025/07/23

Optimization and mechanistic analysis of flocculation and sedimentation parameters for unclassified gold mine tailings

Wang Jinxing1,2, Yang Han1,2, Yang Xiaolin1, Chen Fengbin1,2, Jiao Huazhe1,2

1.School of Civil Engineering， Henan Polytechnic University， Jiaozuo  454000， Henan， China；2.State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-Efficiency Utilization， Jiaozuo  454000， Henan， China

Abstract: Objectives To address the challenges of poor thickening performance and low underflow concentration of unclassified tailings， this study aims to optimize flocculation and sedimentation parameters and analyze the underlying mechanisms.  Methods A suitable flocculant was selected and a test system simulating a deep cone thickener was constructed. Four factors—rake rotation speed， feed mass concentration， flocculant dosage， and flocculant solution concentration—were used as independent variables， with underflow mass concentration as the response variable. Using Design-Expert software， 29 experimental runs were designed. A quadratic polynomial regression model was developed based on the results. Variance analysis and response surface methodology （RSM） were applied to evaluate the effects of individual and interactive factors and to identify the optimal flocculation parameters. Mechanistic analyses of the flocculant action and rake shear effects were also conducted.  Results In the thickening tests using anionic polyacrylamide with a molecular weight of 20 million as the flocculant， the feed mass concentration was identified as the most significant single factor affecting the underflow concentration. The interaction between rake rotation speed and feed concentration was the most influential factor overall. Conclusions The optimal combination of flocculation parameters was determined as follows： feed mass concentration of 21.24%， rake rotation speed of 0.121 r/min， flocculant dosage of 6.73 g/t， and flocculant solution concentration of 0.031%. Under these conditions， the underflow concentration reached 55.28%. At a moderate dosage， the hydrolyzed polymer chains were uniformly dispersed in the solution and effectively adsorbed onto the tailings particles. Both overdosing and underdosing inhibited the bridging function of the flocculant. Rake-induced shear breaks the enclosed floc structures， releasing water trapped inside， allowing flocs to bind with more tailings particles， thereby increasing their density and promoting settling， which ultimately enhances the thickener’s underflow concentration.

Key words:unclassified tailings;underflow concentration;factor interaction;flocculation-sedimentation model