牛海成, 黄明晖, 王兴国,等.赤泥基地聚物胶砂的制备及其力学性能研究[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,44(5):180-186.

NIU H C, HUANG M H, WANG X G,et al.Preparation and mechanical properties of red mud-based geopolymer mortar[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2025,44(5):180-186.

赤泥基地聚物胶砂的制备及其力学性能研究

牛海成, 黄明晖, 王兴国, 李雨萱, 秦子恒

河南理工大学 土木工程学院，河南 焦作 454000

摘要: 目的 为探究固废赤泥的建筑资源化应用价值，开展赤泥基地聚物胶砂的制备及其力学性能研究。  方法 以赤泥为主要原材料，制备赤泥基地聚物胶砂，通过正交试验，研究矿渣掺量（20%，30%，40%，50%）、硅酸钠溶液质量浓度（60%，50%，40%，30%）、石灰掺量（0%，5%，10%，15%）和石膏掺量（0%，5%，10%，15%）对赤泥基地聚物胶砂力学性能的影响。通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射方法，分析赤泥基地聚物胶砂聚合反应过程和合成机理。  结果 硅酸钠溶液质量浓度是影响地聚物胶砂力学性能的最关键因素，次关键因素为矿渣掺量，石灰何石膏掺量对赤泥基地聚物胶砂力学性能影响较小；赤泥基地聚物胶砂最优配比为硅酸钠溶液质量浓度30%、矿渣掺量40%、石灰掺量5%、石膏掺量0%；随着硅酸钠溶液质量浓度降低，赤泥基地聚物胶砂3，28 d抗压强度和抗折强度逐渐升高，但浓度低于30%后强度下降；赤泥基地聚物胶砂3，28 d抗压强度和抗折强度随着矿渣掺量提高而升高，当矿渣掺量超过50%后，3 d抗压强度持续升高，3 d抗折强度和28 d抗压强度降低。 结论 在硅酸钠溶液和石灰作用下，赤泥和矿渣中的矿物发生解聚反应，生成钙、硅、铝等活性成分。在地质聚合反应与水化过程中，产生类沸石地聚物骨架与水化硅铝酸钙凝胶混合结构，这是赤泥基地聚物胶砂具有优良力学性能的原因。

关键词:赤泥基地聚物胶砂;矿渣掺量;硅酸钠溶液;聚合反应

DOI:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2023120013

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（U1904188）；河南省重点研发与推广专项（科技攻关）项目（232102320085）；河南省高等学校重点科研项目（23B560004）

收稿日期:2023/12/07

修回日期:2024/02/18

出版日期:2025/07/23

Preparation and mechanical properties of red mud-based geopolymer mortar

Niu Haicheng, Huang Minghui, Wang Xingguo, Li Yuxuan, Qin Ziheng

School of Civil Engineering， Henan Polytechnic University， Jiaozuo 454000， Henan， China

Abstract: Objectives To explore the potential of utilizing red mud， a solid industrial waste， in construction materials by investigating the preparation and mechanical properties of red mud-based geopolymer mortar. Methods Red mud was used as the primary raw material for the preparation of geopolymer mortar. An orthogonal experimental design was adopted to examine the effects of slag content （20%， 30%，  40%， 50%）， sodium silicate solution mass concentration （60%， 50%， 40%， 30%）， lime content （0%， 5%， 10%， 15%）， and gypsum content （0%， 5%， 10%， 15%） on the mechanical properties of the mortar. The polymerization process and synthesis mechanism were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）.  Results The sodium silicate solution mass concentration was identified as the most critical factor influencing the mechanical properties of the mortar， followed by slag content. Lime and gypsum had relatively minor effects. The optimal mix design was identified as containing 30% sodium silicate solution mass concentration， 40% slag， 5% lime， and 0% gypsum. As the sodium silicate solution mass concentration decreased， the 3-day and 28-day compressive and flexural strengths increased， but decreased when the concentration dropped below 30%. Increasing slag content improved the 3-day and 28-day strengths， but when the content exceeded 50%， the 3-day compressive strength continued to increase， while the 3-day flexural strength and 28-day compressive strength decreased. Conclusions Under the activation of sodium silicate solution and lime， minerals in red mud and slag undergo depolymerization， releasing active components such as calcium， silicon， and aluminum. During the geopolymerization and hydration processes， a hybrid structure composed of a zeolite-like geopolymer framework and calcium-aluminosilicate hydrate （C—A—S—H） gel is formed， which contributes to the excellent mechanical properties of the red mud-based geopolymer mortar.

Key words:red mud-based geopolymer mortar;slag content;sodium silicate solution mass concentration;polymerization reaction