杨柳华，王永彬，付搏涛，等. 充填料浆泌水特性与水分迁移机理研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版)，doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024030076

YANG L H, WANG Y B, FU B T，et al．Study on bleeding characteristics and water transport mechanisms in backfill slurry［J］.Journal of Henan Polytechnic University( Natural Science) ，doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787. 2024030076

充填料浆泌水特性与水分迁移机理研究(网络首发)

杨柳华^1,2，王永彬¹，付搏涛²，付士根²，李振涛²，龚剑³

（1.河南理工大学 土木工程学院，河南 焦作 454000；2.中国安全生产科学研究院，北京 100083；3.郑州工程技术学院 土木工程学院，河南 郑州450044）

摘要: 充填采矿技术通过固废资源化利用，将尾矿、粉煤灰等工业废料转化为充填材料，消除尾矿库对环境和安全危害。充填料浆泌水现象会显著影响充填接顶率和充填体强度，直接影响尾矿库的整体稳定性与充填效果。[目的] 旨在探明充填料浆泌水特性与细观水分迁移之间的关联机制，揭示宏观-细观结构演化对充填料浆泌水过程的影响规律。[方法] 通过正交试验设计，开展流动度、泌水率、沉缩率试验，对不同因素极差分析与功效系数计算，利用MATLAB 3D可视化多因素耦合作用模型以寻求最优配比，并结合核磁共振（NMR）技术分析最优配比在不同静置时间（5，30，60，90，120，180 min）下的充填料浆细观水分迁移特征，揭示充填料浆宏观演变和微细观结构演化对料浆泌水特性的影响规律。[结果] 通过极差分析与功效系数法确定充填料浆的最优配比为灰砂比1∶8，质量浓度74%、减水剂掺量1%，不同因素对泌水率影响显著性主次顺序为质量浓度、灰砂比、减水剂掺量；核磁共振结果表明，高质量分数的充填料浆主要以吸附水形式存在，孔隙水作为动态过渡态，其峰面积波动表明其参与吸附水释放与界面再吸附的平衡过程，自由水随着静置时间的增加而增大。[结论] 不同时期的充填料浆泌水可划分为4个阶段:诱导期、加速期、恒定期、稳定期，水分迁移以“吸附水→孔隙水→自由水”的转化路径，诱导期水分迁移速率平缓，加速期吸附水转变为自由水速率最快，泌水速率最快，稳定期吸附水转变受阻，料浆泌水稳定。研究揭示了充填料浆泌水特性与细观水分迁移关联作用机制，为确保充填质量和尾矿库的稳定性提供了理论支持。

关键词: 尾矿库；多目标优化；料浆泌水；水分迁移；细观演变

中图分类号：TD853

doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2025030076

基金项目: 河南省自然科学基金资助项目（252300420040）；国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3012200）

收稿日期：2025-03-31

修回日期：2025-05-19

网络首发日期：2025-06-05

Study on bleeding characteristics and water transport mechanisms in backfill slurry

Yang Linghua^1,2, Wang Yongbin¹, Fu Botao², Fu Shigen², Li Zhentao², Gong Jian³

（1. School of Civil and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China; 2.China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, Beijing, China; 3.School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan, China）

Abstract: Filling mining technology eliminates environmental and safety threats from tailings pond by converting industrial waste materials such as tailings and fly ash into backfill materials through solid waste recycling. The bleeding phenomenon in backfill slurries significantly affects the filling roof contact rate and the strength of the consolidated backfill, which directly impacts the overall stability of tailings reservoirs and the effectiveness of backfilling. [Objective] This study aims to elucidate the correlation mechanism between the bleeding characteristics of backfill slurries and mesoscale water migration, as well as to uncover the influence of macro-mesostructural evolution on the bleeding process. [Methods] An orthogonal experimental design was conducted to test fluidity, bleeding rate, and sedimentation rate. Range analysis and efficacy coefficient calculations were combined with a Matlab 3D visualization model for multi-factor coupling effects to determine the optimal mix ratio. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology was used to analyze the mesoscale water migration characteristics of the optimal slurry under standing times of 5, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. [Results] The optimal mix ratio was identified as cement-tailing ratio 1:8, mass concentration 74%, and water-reducer dosage 1%, with the significance order of factors affecting bleeding rate being mass concentration > cement-tailing ratio > water-reducer dosage. NMR results showed that adsorbed water was the dominant form in the high solid-concentration backfill slurry, pore water acted as a dynamic transitional state with fluctuating peak areas indicating its participation in the balance between adsorbed water release and interfacial re-adsorption, and free water increased with standing time. [Conclusion] The bleeding process of backfill slurries can be categorized into four distinct: induction period, acceleration period, stabilization period, and steady state. Water migration follows the transformation pathway of "adsorbed water → pore water → free water," with the slowest rate in the induction period, the fastest rate of adsorbed water conversion and bleeding in the acceleration period, and stabilized bleeding in the steady state. This study reveals the mechanism linking bleeding characteristics to mesoscale water migration, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing parameters in deep mining backfill engineering.

Key words: tailings pond; multi-objective optimization; slurry bleeding; water transport; mesostructured evolution

CLC: