刘勇锋，张超. 基于多源传感监测的大型尾矿库溃坝物理模拟及冲击影响研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版)，doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2025030071

LIU Y F，ZHANG C．Physical simulation and impact analysis of large-scale tailings dam rreach Based on multi-dource densing monitoring［J］.Journal of Henan Polytechnic University( Natural Science)，doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787. 2025030071

基于多源传感监测的大型尾矿库溃坝物理模拟及冲击影响研究(网络首发)

刘勇锋^1,2，张超³

（1.重庆大学 资源与安全学院，重庆 400044；2.深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司，广东 深圳  518024；3.中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室，湖北 武汉，430071）

摘要: [目的] 为了探究尾矿库溃坝过程中孔隙水压力、土压力演化规律和尾砂流冲击特性。[方法] 以广东某大型尾矿库为原型，基于几何相似比1∶100构建室内物理模型，集成孔隙水压传感器、土压传感器、三目相机及PIV系统开展溃坝试验。[结果] 结果表明：（1）孔隙水压力呈现“蓄水阶段阶梯上升、溃决阶段骤降、消散阶段缓慢降低”的三阶段演化特征，坝体附近孔压消散速率较库尾快40%；（2）溃流量与泥沙瞬时剥离量呈非线性正相关，最大溃流量达240万m³，溃口峰值流速2.6 m/s；（3）下泄尾砂流流速分布受地形粗糙度控制，沟道中部流速呈“驼峰形”，泄流量增大时演变为“双驼峰形”，垂直沟道流速符合“中间快、两侧慢”特征，涡量峰值与地形粗糙度正相关。[结论] 研究提出的“双驼峰流速模型”为尾矿库溃坝风险评估及下游防护工程设计提供了新方法，成果可为高势能尾矿库安全防控提供理论依据与技术支撑。

关键词: 尾矿坝；物理模拟；多源传感监测；溃流动力学；双驼峰流速模型

中图分类号：TV649.1

doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2025030071

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3012200）

收稿日期：2025-03-29

修回日期：2025-05-28

网络首发日期：2025-06-12

Physical simulation and impact analysis of large-scale tailings dam reach Based on multi-dource densing monitoring

Liu Yongfeng^1,2，Zhang Chao³

(1.College of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044;2.Shenzhen Zhongjin Lingnan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd.，Shenzhen Zhongjin Lingnan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd.；3.State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences，Wuhan 430071, Hubei)

Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the evolution mechanisms of pore water pressure, earth pressure, and the impact characteristics of tailings flow during dam breach. [Methods] a 1:100 scaled physical model was constructed based on a large valley-type tailings reservoir in Guangdong, China. Multi-source sensing technologies, including pore water pressure sensors, earth pressure sensors, trinocular cameras, and PIV systems, were integrated to monitor the breaching process. [Results] The results demonstrate: (1) Pore water pressure exhibits a three-phase evolution pattern: "stepwise increase during impoundment, sharp decline during breaching, and gradual dissipation," with a 40% faster dissipation rate near the dam body compared to the reservoir tail; (2) Breach flow shows a nonlinear positive correlation with sediment stripping amount, reaching a peak flow of 2.4 million m³ and a maximum velocity of 2.6 m/s at the breach; (3) Downstream tailings flow velocity distribution is controlled by terrain roughness, presenting a "hump-shaped" profile in central channels that transitions to a "double-hump" pattern under increased discharge, while vertical velocity gradients follow a "fast center, slow sides" characteristic, with vorticity peaks positively correlated with roughness. [Conclusion] The proposed "double-hump velocity model" provides a novel methodology for tailings dam risk assessment and downstream protection design, offering critical technical support for the safety management of high-potential-energy tailings reservoirs.

Key words: tgailings dam; physical simulation; multi-source sensing monitoring; breach flow dynamics; double-hump velocity model

CLC: