WANG G, HONG W T, YE L Y, et al． Optimization of solid waste-based geopolymer grouting materials using response surface methodology［J］. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University( Natural Science)， doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2025060026.

doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2025060026

Received： 2025-06-15

Revised： 2025-07-10

Online： 2025-09-09

Optimization of solid waste-based geopolymer grouting materials using response surface methodology(Online)

WANG Gang^1,2,HONG Wenteng¹,YE Liyang¹,ZHANG Fulai¹ ,ZHENG Chengcheng²,WANG Pengju²

（1. College of Civil Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350116,Fujian,China,2. College of Civil Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590,Shandong, China）

Abstract: Objectives Regarding the engineering issues of resource utilization of industrial solid wastes such as shield muck, Methods a solid - waste - based geopolymer grouting material, with shield muck as the main component and industrial waste as a supplement, was developed through D - optimal mixture design and response surface methodology (Box - Behnken design). The D - optimal mixture design was used to screen the proportions of solid powders, including shield muck, slag, steel slag, and fly ash. Subsequently, the response surface methodology was employed to analyze and investigate the influence laws of activator modulus, concentration, liquid - solid ratio, and binder - sand ratio on flowability, 28 - day compressive strength, and flexural strength. Results The D - optimal mixture design indicated that the grouting material showed favorable flowability and mechanical properties when the solid powder proportion was 60% shield muck, 20% slag, 15% steel slag, and 5% fly ash. Analysis of variance results showed that activator concentration had the most significant effect on the flowability of the grouting material (P < 0.0001), followed by activator modulus, binder - sand ratio, and liquid - solid ratio. As activator concentration increased, the flowability of the grouting material decreased, while the 28 - day strength of the stone body increased. Activator modulus had the most significant effect on the 28 - day strength of the stone body, followed by activator concentration, binder - sand ratio, and liquid - solid ratio. As activator modulus increased, the flowability of the grouting material improved, but the 28 - day strength of the stone body decreased. The quadratic prediction models established for flowability, 28 - day compressive strength, and flexural strength had coefficient of determination (R⟡) >0.9, and the relative errors between predicted values and test values were < 8%, indicating that the models were highly reliable. Conclusions The solid - waste - based geopolymer grouting material developed in this study demonstrated good flowability and mechanical properties. The research results provided a reference basis for material selection in actual tunnel grouting projects and offered a feasible approach for the resource utilization of solid wastes such as shield muck.

Key words: solid waste-based; geopolymer; D-optimal mixture design; response surface methodology; grouting material