ZHANG Y S,WANG Y B,YANG K, et al. Based on UAV concrete 3D printing technology and optimization of process parameters[J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University( Natural Science) , doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787，2024120004.

doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787，2024120004

Received： 2024-12-03

Revised： 2024-12-13

Online： 2025-10-20

Based on UAV concrete 3D printing technology and optimization of process parameters (Online)

Zhang Yusi1,Wang Yibo1,Yang Kun1,Zhao Huanshuai2,Xu Yixiao1,Liu Jingyi1,Ren Changzai3,Chen Xi2,Liu Sinian2

1.School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001,Liaoning,China;2.Key Lab of Intelligent Equipment Digital Design and Process Simulation, Hebei Province (Tangshan University),Tangshan 063000,Hebei; 3.Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353,Shandong,China.

Abstract：Objectives To address the issues of large site occupation, limited motion freedom, high equipment and support costs caused by fixed gantries or robotic arms in traditional 3D printing of concrete, a study on concrete three-dimensional additive manufacturing technology using an unmanned aerial vehicle as a mobile printing platform was conducted. The key process parameters such as nozzle height, flight speed, and extrusion rate were optimized for the printing adaptability system, aiming to achieve the best match in terms of forming accuracy, mechanical properties, and construction efficiency for aerial additive construction. Methods Firstly, based on the screw extrusion theory, the structural parameters of the printing device, including screw pitch, slot depth, and discharge port diameter, were determined. The influence of these structural parameters on the extrusion quality of concrete was analyzed. Secondly, the screw was combined with the unmanned aerial vehicle for 3D printing. The orthogonal test method was used to study the effects of nozzle height H, printing speed V, and extrusion speed Q on the forming quality and mechanical properties of the concrete 3D printing components by the unmanned aerial vehicle. Finally, the most suitable process parameters were obtained. Results When the screw pitch was set at 24.5 mm, the slot depth was 5 mm, and the discharge port diameter was 12 mm, the concrete could obtain sufficient shear and uniform compaction in the slot, with continuous discharge, and the extrusion quality was optimal. On this basis, when the nozzle height was precisely controlled at 12 mm, the printing speed was maintained at 9 mm/s, and the extrusion speed was maintained at 30 r/min, the forming quality and mechanical properties of the printed concrete specimens were the best. Conclusions The unmanned aerial vehicle concrete 3D printing technology, with its ability to fly in the air and precise hovering, can freely reach positions such as high-rise buildings, deep pits, and steep slopes that traditional machinery cannot cover. It has far-reaching practical significance in terms of construction height, saving land space, improving construction efficiency, and cost reduction.

Key words: unmanned aerial vehicle; concrete 3D printing; screw extrusion; shaping quality; technological parameter