张赛赛, 张欣雨, 沈园园,等.基于湿法碳化电石渣的碳酸钙制备及其性能调控研究[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,44(3):181-188.

ZHANG S S, ZHANG X Y, SHEN Y Y, et al. Synthesis and performance control of calcium carbonate based on wet carbonation of carbide slag[J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) , 2025, 44(3): 181-188.

基于湿法碳化电石渣的碳酸钙制备及其性能调控研究

张赛赛, 张欣雨, 沈园园, 朱建平, 刘松辉, 管学茂

河南理工大学 材料科学与工程学院 河南省深地材料科学与技术重点实验室，河南 焦作 454000

摘要: 目的 为充分利用生产乙炔气体过程中产生的电石渣（carbide slag，CS），解决电石渣堆存污染问题的同时实现CO₂的封存，本文开展了湿法碳化方法调控电石渣合成不同晶型碳酸钙的可行性研究。  方法 首先，在室温条件下，考察不同CO₂通气速率对电石渣湿法碳化过程的影响，合成方解石型碳酸钙；然后在80 °C条件下，利用氯化镁作为晶型调控剂，合成文石型碳酸钙；最后，采用X射线衍射 （XRD） 、热重分析 （TG） 、扫描电子显微镜 （SEM） 等手段表征不同条件下电石渣碳化产物的组成和形貌，从晶体结构角度分析电石渣碳化反应的过程及合成不同晶型碳酸钙的机理。 结果 结果表明，室温条件下，电石渣主要碳化生成方解石，不同通气速率仅影响反应前期，实验得到的最优通气速率为4 L/min。80 °C条件下，产物转变为文石型碳酸钙晶须。与文石型碳酸钙结构相比，方解石型碳酸钙结构更稳定，室温下易生成；而文石属亚稳态，需氯化镁调控和高温条件。晶体结构与空间群等的差异是导致方解石和文石在不同反应条件下碳化产生的本质原因。  结论 室温下电石渣碳化吸收CO₂同时生成方解石型碳酸钙；在改变反应温度和使用晶型调控剂的情况下可调控碳化产物为文石型碳酸钙。研究结果对实现电石渣的高附加值资源化利用、减少环境污染和CO₂的固化封存有指导作用。

关键词:电石渣;湿法碳化;氯化镁;碳酸钙晶须;晶型调控

doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2023110045

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（52108208，U1905216）；河南省科技攻关计划项目（211110231400，212102310559）；绿色建材国家重点实验室开放课题资助项目（2021GBM06）；河南理工大学杰出青年基金资助项目（J2023-6）；河南理工大学创新型科研团队资助项目（T2023-5）

收稿日期:2023/11/23

修回日期:2024/01/05

出版日期:2025-04-18

Synthesis and performance control of calcium carbonate based on wet carbonation of carbide slag

ZHANG Saisai, ZHANG Xinyu, SHEN Yuanyuan, ZHU Jianping, LIU Songhui, GUAN Xuemao

School of Materials Science and Engineering， Henan Polytechnic University， Henan Key Laboratory of Materials on Deep-Earth Engineering， Jiaozuo 454000， Henan， China

Abstract: Objectives To fully utilize the carbide slag （CS） generated during the acetylene gas production process and solve the pollution problem associated with CS storage， while achieving CO₂ sequestration， the feasibility of using the wet carbonation method to control the synthesis of different calcium carbonate polymorphs from CS was studied. Methods First， under room temperature conditions， the effects of different CO₂ aeration rates on the wet carbonation process of CS were investigated， resulting in the synthesis of calcite-type calcium carbonate. Then under 80 °C conditions， magnesium chloride was used as a polymorph controller to synthesize aragonite-type calcium carbonate. X-ray Diffraction （XRD）， thermogravimetric analysis （TG）， scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and other methods were used to characterize the composition and morphology of the carbonation products of CS under different conditions. And from the crystal structure perspective， the process of CS carbonation and the mechanism of synthesizing different polymorphs of calcium carbonate were analyzed. Results Under room temperature conditions， CS is mainly carbonated to form calcite， and different aeration rates only affect the initial stage of the reaction. The optimal aeration rate obtained from experiments under these conditions is 4 L/min. Under 80 °C conditions， the product transforms into aragonite calcium carbonate whiskers. Compared to the aragonite-type calcium carbonate structure， the calcite-type calcium carbonate structure is more stable and easily generated at room temperature. While aragonite is metastable， requiring magnesium chloride control and high temperature conditions. The differences in crystal structure and space group are the fundamental reasons for the carbonation production of calcite and aragonite under different reaction conditions.  Conclusions In this study， CS was carbonated at room temperature to absorb CO₂ while simultaneously generating calcite-type calcium carbonate. By varying the reaction temperature and employing polymorph controller， it was possible to adjust the carbonation product to form aragonite-type calcium carbonate. These findings provide guidance for the high-value utilization of CS， reducing environmental pollution and the sequestration of CO₂.

Key words: carbide slag; wet carbonation; magnesium chloride; CaCO whiskers; polymorph control