殷月红,程玉洁,李永超,等.一步水热法合成SnO2/碳点复合材料及对丙酮气体检测研究[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,45(6):200-208.

Yin Y H, Cheng Y J, Li Y C,et al.One-step hydrothermal synthesis of SnO₂/carbon dots nanocomposites for acetone gas sensing[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2026,45(6):200-208.

一步水热法合成SnO2/碳点复合材料及对丙酮气体检测研究

殷月红1, 程玉洁2, 李永超2, 刘玉坤2, 牛一帆2, 曹国华1, 张宝庆2

1.河南理工大学 物理与电子信息学院，河南 焦作  454003；2.河南理工大学 材料科学与工程学院，河南 焦作  454003

摘要: 目的 为解决现有SnO2基丙酮气体传感器灵敏度低、检测限高的问题，采用一步水热法原位合成SnO2/碳点（CDs）纳米复合材料，系统研究引入CDs对SnO2气敏检测的影响。  方法 采用一步水热法合成氧化锡（SnO2）/碳点（CDs）纳米复合材料，将含有丰富官能团的CDs原位引入SnO2中。使用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱等技术对材料结构、形貌和组成等性质进行表征，并系统研究SnO2和SnO2/CDs复合材料对丙酮气敏传感性能的影响。  结果 结果表明，SnO2和SnO2/CDs复合材料呈四方金红石相结构，由粒径约5 nm的颗粒聚集形成空心球状，尺寸约为100~200 nm。SnO2/CDs复合材料中空心球一端有明显凸起，由于碳点的引入，空心球含有更丰富的表面基团和更多的氧缺陷。SnO2和SnO2/CDs传感器对丙酮具有明显的气体选择性和循环稳定性，最佳工作温度350 ℃时，复合材料传感器对体积分数1.0×10-4丙酮气体的灵敏度为45.4，约为纯SnO2的1.8倍。SnO2/CDs复合材料传感器检测限低至1.1×10-7。  结论 SnO2/CDs复合材料检测性能显著提高的主要原因在于复合材料具有更大的比表面积，SnO2和CDs之间形成异质结结构，进而增加了反应活性位点，促进了气体的吸附和反应。

关键词:气体传感器;SnO;碳点;复合材料;一步水热法;丙酮

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024040001

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51571085）；河南省科技攻关计划项目（242102230080）；河南省自然科学基金资助项目（232300421203）

收稿日期:2024/04/01

修回日期:2024/06/22

出版日期:2026/10/09

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of SnO₂/carbon dots nanocomposites for acetone gas sensing

Yin Yuehong1, Cheng Yujie2, Li Yongchao2, Liu Yukun2, Niu Yifan2, Cao Guohua1, Zhang Baoqing2

1.School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering， Henan Polytechnic University， Jiaozuo  454003， Henan， China；2.School of Materials Science and Engineering， Henan Polytechnic University， Jiaozuo  454003， Henan， China

Abstract: Objectives To address the problems of low sensitivity and high detection limit of existing SnO₂-based acetone gas sensors， SnO₂/carbon dots （CDs） nanocomposites were synthesized in situ by a one-step hydrothermal method， and the effect of CDs introduction on the gas sensing performance of SnO₂ was systematically investigated. Methods SnO₂/carbon dots （CDs） nanocomposites were synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method， in which CDs containing abundant functional groups were introduced into SnO2 in situ. X-ray diffraction， transmission electron microscopy， and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to characterize the structure， morphology， and composition of the materials. The acetone gas sensing performance of SnO2 and SnO2/CDs composites was systematically investigated. Results The results show that both SnO2 and SnO2/CDs composites exhibit a tetragonal rutile phase structure. The hollow spheres with a size of approximately 100~200 nm are formed by the aggregation of particles with a size of approximately 5 nm. The hollow spheres of SnO₂/CDs composites exhibit obvious protrusions at one end. Due to the introduction of CDs， the hollow spheres contain more abundant surface functional groups and more oxygen vacancies. Both SnO2 and SnO2/CDs sensors exhibit pronounced gas selectivity and cycling stability toward acetone. At the optimal operating temperature of 350 ℃， the sensitivity of the SnO₂/CDs composite sensor to acetone gas with a volume fraction of 1.0×10⁻⁴ reaches 45.4， which is approximately 1.8 times that of the pure SnO₂ sensor. The detection limit of the SnO₂/CDs composite sensor is as low as 1.1×10⁻⁷.  Conclusions The significant improvement in the acetone sensing performance of SnO2/CDs nanocomposites is mainly attributed to their larger specific surface area and the formation of heterojunction structures between SnO₂ and CDs， which increase the number of active sites and promote gas adsorption and reaction.

Key words: gas sensor; tin oxide; carbon dot; nanocomposite; one-step hydrothermal method; acetone