LI K R, WANG M Y, QI C Z,et al.Spatial evolution characteristics of zonal disintegration in deep surrounding rock based on characteristic energy factor[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2026,45(1):1-9.

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024100025

Received:2024/10/18

Revised:2024/11/19

Published:2025-12-03

Spatial evolution characteristics of zonal disintegration in deep surrounding rock based on characteristic energy factor

Li Kairui1,2, Wang Mingyang3, Qi Chengzhi1, Chang Tingrui1, Lyu Yizheng1

1.School of Civil and Transportation Engineering， Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture， Beijing  100044， China；2.China Railway 14th Bureau Group Co.， Ltd.， Jinan  250014， Shandong， China；3.State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Mitigation of Explosion & Impact， Army Engineering University of PLA， Nanjing  210007， Jiangsu， China

Abstract: Objectives Due to the limitations of traditional continuum mechanics and fracture mechanics， it is challenging to accurately reveal the spatial structural characteristics of deep surrounding rock， particularly under three-dimensional stress states and complex geological conditions. Methods Based on the dimensionless conditions derived from quai-resonance and pendulum wave phenomena， a “characteristic energy factor” was derived to reflect the energy evolution of deep rock masses. This factor describes the energy-bearing properties of deep surrounding rock from a statistical physics perspective. Statistical analysis of field monitoring and model test data revealed the spatial variation of the characteristic energy factor during zonal disintegration. Results Comparative analysis with Shemyakin’s empirical formula for the farthest fracture zone radius and measurement data from the 3213 working face in an underground mine validated the scaling evolution relationship between the spatial structure of zonal disintegration and the characteristic energy factor. This indicates that the evolution of the characteristic energy factor can reflect the spatial structural characteristics of zonal disintegration. Conclusions The proposed model has a minimal number of parameters， is easy to measure， and demonstrates strong practicality and applicability， making it well-suited for predictive analysis and support design in deep tunnel construction. Additionally， this model significantly simplifies calculations and provides a novel approach to improving safety in deep underground engineering. It holds considerable potential for future planning of deep tunnel construction and the development of surrounding rock support strategies.

Key words:deep tunnel;zonal disintegration;excavation disturbance;spatial distribution;characteristic energy factor