Abstract：Kuang Lu Painting by Jing Hao, the oldest panoramic landscape painting so far, depicts features of mountains and rivers of northwest Henan. Through analyzing how the topographic features depicted in Kuang Lu Painting confirms with the real topography, we attempted to find out the means by which painters convert natural images to paintings. We then compared Kuang Lu Painting with works of Guo Xi and Li Tang, and studied Jing Hao's attempt of “conformity to fact” in terms of formal language.

Keyword：conformity to fact;northwest Henan;geographical background;Kuang Lu Painting;