雷东记, 刘宁, 王登科,等.煤巷掘进过程中煤岩破裂微震事件研究[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2024,43(1):25-34.

LEI D J, LIU N, WANG D K,et al.Study on microseismic events of coal rock rupture during coal roadway driving[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2024,43(1):25-34.

煤巷掘进过程中煤岩破裂微震事件研究

雷东记1,2, 刘宁1, 王登科1,2, 刘丽英1, 贾子强1

1.河南理工大学 河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地，河南 焦作  454000; 2.中原经济区煤层（页岩）气河南省协同创新中心，河南 焦作  454000

摘要:目的 为了监测和预警煤矿掘进巷道前方可能发生的危险，方法 利用微震监测技术实时监测，利用监测系统捕获到的数据信息研究掘进影响下微震事件的空间分布规律、发生时间、频次和能量关键点，然后利用短时傅里叶变换和S变换方法分析典型煤岩破裂微震信号的时频特征。结果 结果表明：（1）微震事件主要分布在沿掘进巷道前方50～100 m区域，大多为中低能量微震事件，仅在掘进工作面前方出现少量强度较大的煤岩破裂事件，且震级多为-2～0；（2）掘进速度和发生微震事件的数量及能量大小成正相关，同时掘进速度也影响着煤岩动力灾害的发生；（3）巷道掘进会造成煤岩体失稳，其中岩体破裂信号频率高，为0～2 000 Hz，比重值大，主频约700 Hz；煤岩破裂微震事件信号频率为90～1 000 Hz，主频约250 Hz；岩体破裂后，支撑力下降，压力转移给煤体，导致煤体破裂，煤体破裂微震事件信号频率为90～1 000 Hz，主频约350 Hz。结论  微震事件能够综合反映煤岩体受力破坏程度，判别掘进过程中煤岩破裂类型，为矿井生产中煤岩动力灾害的预警提供理论基础。

关键词:煤巷;微震监测;空间分布规律;关键点;时频特征;掘进速度;煤岩破裂

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2023020052

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51374094，52174174）；河南省高等学校重点科研项目（22A440003）；河南省高校基本科研业务费专项项目（NSFRF200307）

收稿日期:2023/02/17

修回日期:2023/04/07

出版日期:2024/01/25

Study on microseismic events of coal rock rupture during coal roadway driving

LEI Dongji1,2, LIU Ning1, WANG Dengke1,2, LIU Liying1, JIA Ziqiang1

1.Key Laboratory of Gas Geology and Gas Control in Henan Province-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base，Henan Polytechnic University，Jiaozuo  454000，Henan，China; 2.Collaborative Innovation Center of Central Plains Economic Region for Coalbed Shale Gas，Jiaozuo  454000，Henan，China

Abstract: Objective In order to monitor and forewarn the danger that may occur in front of the coal mine roadway， Methods the microseismic monitoring technology is used to carry out real-time monitoring of the roadway.Through the data information captured by the monitoring system，the spatial distribution law，the occurrence time，the frequency and the energy key points of the microseismic events under the influence of tunneling are studied，finally，the time-frequency characteristics of typical micro-seismic signals of coal and rock fracture are studied by using the Short-time Fourier transform and s-transform methods. Results The results showed that：（1）The microseismic events are mainly distributed in the area of 50~100 m in front of the heading direction of the roadway，and most of them are medium and low energy microseismic events.Only a few high-intensity coal and rock fracture events occurred in front of the heading face，and the magnitude of micro-earthquake events were mostly distributed at -2～0；（2）There is a positive correlation between the tunneling speed and the number and energy of microseismic events.At the same time，the tunneling speed also affects the occurrence of coal-rock dynamic disasters；（3）The roadway excavation will cause the instability of coal and rock mass，in which the signal frequency of rock mass fracture is high，the specific gravity value is big，the signal frequency is between 0~2 000 Hz，the main frequency is about 700 Hz， the signal frequency of micro-seismic event of coal and rock mass fracture is between 90~1 000 Hz， the main frequency is about 250 Hz，and the supporting force drops after the rock mass breaks，and the pressure transfers to the coal body，which results in the coal body breaking.The signal frequency of the micro-seismic event of coal body breaking is between 90~1 000 Hz，and the main frequency is about 350 Hz. Conclusion It can be seen that the micro-seismic events can comprehensively reflect the degree of failure of coal and rock mass，identify the types of coal and rock fracture during excavation，and provide a theoretical basis for early warning of coal and rock dynamic disasters in mine production.

Key words:coal roadway;microseismic monitoring;spatial distribution;key point;time-frequency characteristic;driving speed;coal rock rupture