陈晓舒, 赵同谦,等.不同肥料对淅川库区耕地土壤氨挥发影响研究[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2024,43(6):100-108.

CHEN X S, ZHAO T Q,et al.Study on the influence of different fertilizer on ammonia volatilization in cropland soil of the Xichuan Reservoir Area[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2024,43(6):100-108.

不同肥料对淅川库区耕地土壤氨挥发影响研究

陈晓舒1,2, 赵同谦1

1.河南理工大学 资源环境学院，河南 焦作  454000；2.河南理工大学 测绘与国土信息工程学院，河南 焦作  454000

摘要:农业肥料挥发的氨是南水北调中线水源地丹江口水库大气和水体氮的重要来源，威胁着库区水质安全。  目的 为探究不同肥料对库区耕地土壤氨挥发的影响，  方法 以淅川库区典型耕地土壤为研究对象，采用密闭式静态箱法，于2020年夏季和秋季开展不同肥料作用下土壤氨挥发的原位田间监测，分析不同肥料对土壤氨挥发速率和累积挥发量的影响，并探讨其季节性差异。  结果 结果表明：（1）肥料施用显著增加了土壤氨挥发速率。尿素处理的土壤氨挥发速率最大，在施肥后第4—6 d达到峰值，且波动时间最长；复合肥料处理的土壤氨挥发速率次之，峰值出现在施肥后第6—9 d；有机肥处理的土壤氨挥发速率最低，接近于土壤本底水平。（2）不同肥料作用下，土壤氨累积挥发量存在显著差异。尿素处理的累积挥发量最大，为不施肥处理的10倍，复合肥和有机肥处理的分别为不施肥处理的3倍和1倍，表明施用有机肥对氨挥发影响最小。（3）氨挥发速率存在明显的季节性差异，夏季挥发速率普遍高于秋季的。相同施肥量条件下，秋季施肥的土壤氨挥发恢复到本底水平所需时间是夏季的2倍，但净累积挥发量无明显差异（0.04~2.41 kg·hm^-2）。尽管季节性因素影响挥发速率，但总挥发量趋于一致。秋季施肥后，日均氨挥发速率和总挥发量均较夏季的低，但对土壤和大气影响更持久。  结论 调整肥料施用结构，增加有机肥的使用，并减少尿素的使用，可以有效减少因肥料施用而产生的土壤氨挥发。

关键词:氨挥发;尿素;复合肥;有机肥;耕地土壤;静态箱;丹江口水库

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2022100086

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（U1704241）；中原科技创新领军人才项目（194200510010）

收稿日期:2022/10/31

修回日期:2022/11/27

出版日期:2024-09-24

Study on the influence of different fertilizer on ammonia volatilization in cropland soil of the Xichuan Reservoir Area

CHEN Xiaoshu1,2, ZHAO Tongqian1

1.School of Resources and Environment，Henan Polytechnic University，Jiaozuo  454000，Henan，China；2.School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering，Henan Polytechnic University，Jiaozuo  454000，Henan，China

Abstract:Ammonia volatilized from farmland fertilizers is a significant source of atmospheric and aquatic nitrogen in the Danjiangkou Reservoir,a key water source for the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,posing a threat to the water quality and safety of the reservoir area.  Objectives In order to study the influence of different fertilizer on ammonia volatilization in cropland soil of the reservoir area，  Methods taking the typical cropland soils in the Xichuan Reservoir Area as the research object，in situ field monitoring was conducted using a closed static chamber method during the summer and autumn of 2020 to evaluate ammonia volatilization from soil under various fertilization practices.The effects of different fertilizers on the rate and cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization were analyzed，and the seasonal differences were examined.  Results The results showed that：（1）Fertilizer applications significantly increased soil ammonia volatilization rates.Urea-treated soils showed the highest volatilization rate，peaking between the 4th and 6th day after application and fluctuating the longest.Compound fertilizers followed the rate，with peaks occurring between the 6th and 9th days.Organic fertilizer treatments had the lowest volatilization rates，nearly matching the soil’s natural background levels.（2）There were notable differences in cumulative ammonia volatilization among the different fertilizers.Urea treatments had the highest cumulative volatilization，approximately 10 times that of the control（no fertilizer），while compound and organic fertilizer were about 3 times and 1 time，respectively.This indicated that organic fertilizer had the least impact on ammonia volatilization.（3）Ammonia volatilization rates exhibited significant seasonal differences，with higher rates in summer compared with that in autumn.Under the same fertilization conditions，it took more than twice as long for ammonia volatilization in autumn to return to baseline levels compared with that in summer，although the net cumulative volatilization was not significantly different （0.04~2.41 kg·hm-2）.While seasonal factors had influences on volatilization behavior，the total volatilization remained consistent.The daily and total ammonia volatilization rates in autumn were lower than that in summer，but their impact on soil and atmosphere was more prolonged.  Conclusions Adjusting fertilization practices by increasing the use of organic fertilizers and reducing the use of urea could effectively decrease soil ammonia volatilization caused by fertilization.

Key words:ammonia volatilization;urea;compound fertilizer;organic fertilizer;cropland soil;static chamber;Danjiangkou Reservoir