谭毅，王宇，李辉，等.厚松散层内“类散体拱”结构演化及覆岩运移规律［J］.河南理工大学学报（自然科学版），doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024110017

TAN Y, WANG Y, LI H, et al. Structural evolution of a “bulk-like arch” within a thick loose layer and overburden transportation law［J］.Journal of Henan Polytechnic University（Natural Science），doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024110017

厚松散层内“类散体拱”结构演化及覆岩运移规律(网络首发)

谭毅^1,2,3，王宇¹，李辉¹，张少普¹，冯羿翔¹，葛志博¹，汤泽⁴，张志翔⁴

（1.河南理工大学 能源科学与工程学院，河南 焦作 454000；2.煤炭安全生产河南省协同创新中心，河南 焦作 454000；3.河海大学 地球科学与工程学院，江苏 南京 210098；4. 河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第四地质矿产调查院，河南 郑州 450007）

摘要: [目的] 为研究厚松散层下特厚煤层开采覆岩裂隙场、应力场及位移场演化规律和内在联系。 [方法] 以鹤煤五矿2303工作面为研究背景，综合运用PFC颗粒流数值模拟、现场钻孔漏失量观测联合微动勘探实测以及非线性回归分析等方法对厚松散层内“类散体拱”结构演化及覆岩运移规律进行研究。[结果] 结果表明：随着工作面推采，基岩整体破坏形态呈“正梯形”，松散层底部颗粒受基岩弯曲下沉扰动形成“拱形”胶结破坏区，颗粒在运动压实过程中形成具有一定承载能力的“类散体拱”结构。裂隙场、应力场以及位移场均具有阶段性发育特征，导水裂隙带高度发育经历快速增长、缓增、骤增以及稳定四个阶段，应力场演化主要经历基岩“压力拱”结构发育、“压力拱”与“类散体拱”结构联合演化、“类散体拱”结构发育三个阶段，地表下沉主要经历缓慢下沉、快速下沉、急速下沉和稳定下沉四个阶段，“三场”演化各阶段相互对应。通过在地表构建测量圆测量推采过程中地表下沉值，结果表明地表下沉曲线整体近似呈“V”形特征，推采结束后在采空区中部地表出现“台阶裂缝”，在采空区两侧出现拉伸裂缝，与实际勘探结果相吻合。现场联合钻孔漏失量观测以及微动勘探实测结果表明2303工作面导水裂隙带高度为147.46m，裂采比为16.49；垮落带高度为57.46m，垮采比为6.43。基于回归理论构建了厚松散层地表最大下沉值多元非线性预测公式，有效降低了考虑单一影响因素地表最大下沉值预测误差，获得最佳的拟合优度0.98。[结论] 研究结果及方法可为类似条件下煤矿的安全生产以及地表保护提供参考。

关键词: 厚松散层；类散体拱；导水裂隙带；覆岩破坏；地表下沉

中图分类号：TD325

doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024110017

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(52322403); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52174108,51974105); 河南省优秀青年科学基金项目（222300420045）

收稿日期：2024-11-08

修回日期：2024-12-03

网络首发日期：2024-12-03

Structural evolution of a “bulk-like arch” within a thick loose layer and overburden transportation law

TAN Yi^1,2,3, WANG Yu¹,LI Hui¹,ZHAGN Shaopu¹, FENG Yixiang¹,GE Zhibo1,
TANG Ze²,ZHANG Zhixiang⁴

(1.School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China；2.Henan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Coal Safety Production,Jiaozuo 454000,China;3.School of Earth Sciences and Engineer-ing,Hehai University,Nanjing 210098,China;4. Fourth Geological and Mineral Survey Institute of Henan Provincial Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bu-reau,Zhengzhou 450007,China.)

Abstract: [Objective] In order to study the evolution law and inner connection of fissure field, stress field and displacement field of overburden rock mining under thick loose layer. [Methods] Taking the 2303 working face of Hemei Minmetals as the research background, this study comprehensively applies PFC particle flow numerical simulation, on-site drilling leakage observation combined with micro motion exploration measurement, and nonlinear regression analysis to investigate the evolution of the "quasi loose arch" structure and the migration law of overlying strata in thick loose layers. [Results] The results show that with the pushing and mining of the working face, the overall failure mode of the bedrock is in a "positive trapezoid" shape. The particles at the bottom of the loose layer are disturbed by the bending and sinking of the bedrock, forming an "arch shaped" bonding failure zone. During the movement and compaction process, the particles form a "quasi loose arch" structure with certain bearing capacity. The fissure field, stress field, and displacement field all have stage development characteristics. The height development of the water conducting fissure zone goes through four stages: rapid growth, slow increase, sudden increase, and stability. The evolution of the stress field mainly goes through three stages: the development of the "pressure arch" structure of the bedrock, the joint evolution of the "pressure arch" and "quasi loose arch" structures, and the development of the "quasi loose arch" structure. The surface subsidence mainly goes through four stages: slow subsidence, rapid subsidence, rapid subsidence, and stable subsidence. The evolution stages of the "three fields" correspond to each other. By constructing a measurement circle on the surface to measure the surface subsidence value during the process of push mining, the results show that the overall surface subsidence curve is approximately V-shaped. After the push mining is completed, step cracks appear on the surface in the middle of the goaf, and tensile cracks appear on both sides of the goaf, which is consistent with the actual exploration results. The on-site joint drilling leakage observation and micro motion exploration measurement results show that the height of the water conducting fracture zone in the 2303 working face is 147.46m, and the fracture production ratio is 16.49; The height of the collapse zone is 57.46m, and the collapse mining ratio is 6.43. A multivariate nonlinear prediction formula for the maximum subsidence value of thick and loose layers was constructed based on regression theory, effectively reducing the prediction error of the maximum subsidence value considering a single influencing factor, and achieving the best fitting goodness of 0.98. [Conclusion] The research results and methods can provide reference for the safety production and surface protection of coal mines under similar conditions.

Key words: thick loose layers ; loose bulk arch structure; hydraulic fracture zones ; overburden damage ; surface subsidence

CLC: