鲁海峰，王俊哲等. 松散含水层下浅部煤层开采抗渗透破坏评价研究［J］. 河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）， doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2026050004

LU H F , WANG J Z, et al. Research on resistance to permeability failure in shallow coal seam mining under unconsolidated aquifer［J］. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University（Natural Science），doi: 10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2026050004

松散含水层下浅部煤层开采抗渗透破坏评价研究

鲁海峰^1,2，王俊哲¹

（1.安徽理工大学 地球与环境学院，安徽 淮南 232001；2. 煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室，北京 海淀 221116）

摘要: [目的] 针对松散含水层下浅部煤层开采抗渗透破坏定量评价难题，以涡北煤矿8201工作面为工程背景，综合采用室内土工试验、流固耦合数值模拟与地下水动力学解析法，系统开展了采动覆岩导水裂隙沟通第四含水层（四含）及强风化带的渗流演化规律研究。 [方法] 首先，基于室内土工试验获取四含土层及强风化岩层的临界水力坡度；其次，采用FLAC3D流固耦合数值模拟反演采动渗流场，获取开采过程中四含底部及风化带的实际水力坡度分布；同时，建立承压完整井流解析模型，推导涌水通道处的径向水力坡度理论值；最后，将临界与实际水力坡度进行对比，综合评价渗透破坏危险性。 [结果] 四含及强风化带的临界水力坡度分别为1.42和1.62；数值模拟得出四含底部与风化带的最大实际水力坡度分别为1.30和1.50；地下水动力学解析得出涌水通道壁处最大水力坡度为1.25，两种方法所得结果相互验证，表明实际渗流驱动力均小于临界阻力阈值。 [结论] 在当前留设防砂煤柱条件下，8201工作面发生渗透破坏及溃水溃砂的风险较低。本文构建了以临界-实际水力坡度对比为核心的防砂煤柱渗透破坏定量评价方法，实现了多手段协同的精准判别，可为浅部煤层安全开采及水害防控提供科学依据。

关键词: 松散含水层；防砂煤柱；水力坡度；渗透破坏；流固耦合

中图分类号：TD821

doi:

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（41977253）；煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室开放基金资助项目（SKLCRSM23KFA06）

收稿日期：2026-05-07

修回日期：2026-07-05

网络首发日期：2026-09-29

Research on resistance to permeability failure in shallow coal seam mining under unconsolidated aquifer

Lu Haifeng^1,2, Wang Junzhe¹

(1.School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China；2.State Key Laboratory of Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal, Beijing, Haidian District, 221116）

Abstract: [Objective] To address the challenge of quantitatively evaluating resistance to permeability failure in shallow coal seam mining under unconsolidated aquifers, the 8201 working face of the Wobei Coal Mine was selected as the engineering background. Laboratory geotechnical tests, fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation, and groundwater dynamics analytical methods were comprehensively employed to investigate the seepage evolution behavior of mining-induced overburden fractures connecting the Fourth Aquifer (hereinafter referred to as the "No. 4 aquifer") and the highly weathered zone.[Methods] The critical hydraulic gradients of the No. 4 aquifer and the highly weathered zone were first obtained through laboratory geotechnical tests. The FLAC³D fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation was then adopted to inversely analyze the mining-induced seepage field. The distributions of actual hydraulic gradients at the base of the No. 4 aquifer and within the weathered zone during the mining process were obtained. Concurrently, an analytical model of fully penetrating confined well flow was established. The theoretical radial hydraulic gradient distribution at the water inrush channel was derived from this model. Finally, the critical and actual hydraulic gradients were compared to comprehensively evaluate the risk of permeability failure.  [Results] The critical hydraulic gradients of the No. 4 aquifer and the highly weathered zone were determined to be 1.42 and 1.62, respectively. The numerical simulation yielded maximum actual hydraulic gradients of 1.30 at the base of the No. 4 aquifer and 1.50 within the weathered zone. The groundwater dynamics analytical solution gave a maximum hydraulic gradient of 1.25 at the channel wall. The results obtained from the two methods mutually validated each other. The actual seepage driving forces across the entire field were all strictly below the critical resistance thresholds.  [Conclusion] Under the current design of the sand-control coal pillar, the risk of permeability failure and water-sand inrush at the 8201 working face was found to be extremely low. A quantitative evaluation method for permeability failure of sand-control coal pillars was established, with the comparison between critical and actual hydraulic gradients as its core. The multi-method collaborative approach enables accurate quantitative assessment and provides a reliable scientific basis for safe mining of shallow coal seams and water hazard prevention and control.

Key words:loose aquifer; sand-proof coal pillar; hydraulic gradient; seepage failure;fluid-solid coupling

CLC:TD821