林志斌, 王嵩, 林培忠,等.溶洞对大断面隧道围岩变形破坏与突水的影响分析[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,45(4):49-57.

LIN Z B, WANG S, LIN P Z,et al.Impact analysis of karst caves on surrounding rock deformation-failure and water inrush in large-section tunnels[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2026,45(4):49-57.

溶洞对大断面隧道围岩变形破坏与突水的影响分析

林志斌1, 王嵩1, 林培忠2, 张勃阳1, 杨大方1

1.河南理工大学 土木工程学院，河南 焦作 454003;2.河南省自然资源监测与国土整治院，河南 郑州  450016

摘要: 目的为分析溶洞对大断面隧道施工的影响，研究不同溶洞赋存状态下隧道围岩变形破坏与突水特征。  方法 以双碑隧道工程为背景，考虑围岩应力-损伤-渗流耦合作用，采用FLAC3D软件对溶洞与隧道中心夹角、溶洞与隧道净间距、溶洞直径、溶洞水压和溶洞周边岩体初始渗透系数5因素4水平条件下大断面隧道围岩的位移，破坏区，导水裂隙通道，涌水量变化特征展开数值模拟分析，并采用极差分析方法系统评价溶洞对隧道围岩变形、破坏和突水程度的影响。  结果 结果表明：无溶洞条件下，隧道围岩最大位移104.1 mm，破坏区整体呈“蝴蝶状”分布，破坏宽度和高度分别为7.0，25.9 m；隧道周边存在无水空腔溶洞时，隧道围岩塑性区向溶洞方向扩展延伸，围岩最大位移增加约30%~42%；隧道周边存在富水高压溶洞时，隧道与溶洞间围岩产生1~数条导水裂隙通道，围岩最大位移达到1 000 mm以上；5种溶洞赋存状态参数对隧道围岩最大位移的影响极差值依次为215.8，443.4，453.1，869.3，227.5 mm，对隧道围岩破坏面积的影响极差值分别为351.8，102.1，372.5，243.3，166.4 m²，对隧道围岩总涌水量的影响极差值分别为1 797.3，2 829.4，1 747.6，2 336.5，2 816.0 m³/h。  结论 隧道周边溶洞无地下水时，溶洞对大断面隧道围岩稳定性影响较小；有地下水时，存在一个使隧道与溶洞间围岩产生导水裂隙通道并引发整体滑动失稳和突水的临界水压值；5种溶洞赋存状态参数中，溶洞水压决定隧道围岩最终的位移大小，溶洞直径、溶洞与隧道中心夹角为影响隧道围岩破坏范围和破坏程度的关键参数，溶洞与隧道净距、溶洞周边岩体初始渗透系数和溶洞水压为控制隧道局部及整体突水量的最主要参数。

关键词:溶洞;大断面隧道;围岩变形破坏;突水;影响程度;极差分析

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024100009

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（52374087，52178388）；河南省科技攻关项目（232102320023，242102321165）；安全学科“双一流”创建工程项目（AQ20230733，AQ20230734）

收稿日期:2024/10/11

修回日期:2024/12/19

出版日期:2026/06/17

Impact analysis of karst caves on surrounding rock deformation-failure and water inrush in large-section tunnels

Lin Zhibin1, Wang Song1, Lin Peizhong2, Zhang Boyang1, Yang Dafang1

1.School of Civil Engineering， Henan Polytechnic University， Jiaozuo  454003， Henan， China;2.Henan Natural Resources Monitoring and Land Consolidation Institute， Zhengzhou  450016， Henan， China

Abstract: Objectives To analyze the influence of karst caves on the construction of large-section tunnels， and to investigate the deformation， failure， and water inrush characteristics of tunnel surrounding rock under various occurrence states of karst caves. Methods Based on the Shuangbei Tunnel project， considering the stress-damage-seepage coupling effect of the surrounding rock， numerical simulations were conducted using FLAC3D software. The simulations analyzed the displacement， failure zone， water-conducting fracture channels， and water inflow characteristics of the large-section tunnel surrounding rock under five factors and four levels： the angle between the karst cave and the tunnel center， the clear distance between the karst cave and the tunnel， the diameter of the karst cave， the water pressure in the karst cave， and the initial permeability coefficient of the rock mass surrounding the karst cave. The range analysis method was systematically used to evaluate the impact of karst caves on the deformation， failure， and water inrush degree of the tunnel surrounding rock.  Results  The results show that： under conditions without a karst cave， the maximum displacement of the tunnel surrounding rock is 104.1 mm， the failure zone exhibits a "butterfly-shaped" distribution， with failure width and height of 7.0 m and 25.9 m， respectively. When a dry （water-free） karst cavity exists near the tunnel， the plastic zone of the surrounding rock expands and extends toward the karst cave， and the maximum displacement increases by approximately 30%~42%. When a water-rich， high-pressure karst cave exists near the tunnel， one or several water-conducting fracture channels form in the rock mass between the tunnel and the karst cave， and the maximum displacement of the surrounding rock exceeds 1，000 mm. The range values for the influence of the five karst cave occurrence parameters on the maximum displacement of the tunnel surrounding rock are 215.8， 443.4， 453.1， 869.3， and 227.5 mm， respectively. The range values for the influence on the failure area of the tunnel surrounding rock are 351.8， 102.1， 372.5， 243.3， and 166.4 m⟡， respectively. The range values for the influence on the total water inflow of the tunnel surrounding rock are 1，797.3， 2，829.4， 1，747.6， 2，336.5， and 2，816.0 m³/h， respectively. Conclusions When karst caves near the tunnel contain no groundwater， their impact on the stability of the large-section tunnel surrounding rock is relatively small. When groundwater is present， there exists a critical water pressure value that triggers the formation of water-conducting fracture channels between the tunnel and the karst cave， leading to overall sliding instability and water inrush. Among the five karst cave occurrence parameters， the water pressure in the karst cave determines the final displacement magnitude of the tunnel surrounding rock. The diameter of the karst cave and the angle between the karst cave and the tunnel center are key parameters affecting the extent and degree of failure of the tunnel surrounding rock. The clear distance between the karst cave and the tunnel， the initial permeability coefficient of the rock mass surrounding the karst cave， and the water pressure in the karst cave are the most important parameters controlling local and overall water inflow into the tunnel.

Key words:karst cave;large section tunnel;surrounding rock deformation-failure;water inrush;influence degree;range analysis