李旭, 谢锦波, 谢李钊,等.基于实景建模的隧道反向出洞数值分析[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,45(4):77-85.

LI X, XIE J B, XIE L Z,et al.Numerical analysis of reverse tunnel breakthrough based on real scene modeling and parameter back analysis[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2026,45(4):77-85.

基于实景建模的隧道反向出洞数值分析

李旭, 谢锦波, 谢李钊, 陆骁尤

中交第三航务工程局有限公司 技术中心，上海 200032

摘要: 目的公路隧道常有偏压浅埋、围岩破碎等问题，理论分析计算值与实际监测值往往存在较大差异。为研究浅埋隧道V级围岩的精细化计算方法，分析浅埋隧道的空间效应，提出一种基于三维实景模型的有限元精细化分析方法。  方法选取河南某公路隧道的洞口浅埋段，采用无人机倾斜摄影建立高精度实景模型，通过提取等高线建立浅埋段三维有限元精细化模型，模拟隧道的真实上覆荷载。利用现场拱顶沉降的监测数据反演V级围岩的力学参数，并利用后续施工段的监测点数据验证计算值的准确性。对比不同上覆深度的二维隧道有限元模型与三维模型的计算值，分析浅埋隧道的空间效应。结果 结果表明，若采用摩尔-库伦本构模型， E=0.2 GPa时有限元计算结果接近现场拱顶沉降的监测数据，验证点误差为3.9%，8.7%。浅埋隧道在施工期的沉降变形具有明显的空间效应，当隧道埋深H与宽度B比值为2时，可以用二维模型预测隧道沉降变形量；当H/B <2时，二维模型计算结果大于三维模型的；当H/B <2时，二维模型计算结果小于三维模型的。  结论 可以采用无人机倾斜摄影的实景模型快速建立有限元模型，通过监测数据反演计算参数E的方法能够有效预测隧道沉降，且浅埋隧道的拱顶沉降变形具有明显的空间效应。

关键词:浅埋隧道;倾斜摄影;有限元计算;参数反演;空间效应

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024060038

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFB2600704）

收稿日期:2024/06/18

修回日期:2024/08/19

出版日期:2026/06/17

Numerical analysis of reverse tunnel breakthrough based on real scene modeling and parameter back analysis

Li Xu, Xie Jinbo, Xie Lizhao, Lu Xiaoyou

Technology Center， CCCC Third Harbor Engineering Co.， Ltd.， Shanghai 200032， China

Abstract: Objectives Highway tunnels often suffer from unsymmetrical loading， shallow overburden， and fractured surrounding rock， leading to significant discrepancies between theoretical calculations and field monitoring data. To develop a refined calculation method for shallow-buried tunnels in Class V rock and to analyze the spatial effect， a refined finite element analysis method based on 3D real-scene modeling is proposed. Methods A shallow-buried portal section of a highway tunnel in Henan Province was selected as the case study. An unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） oblique photography technique was used to build a high-precision real-scene model. Contour lines were extracted to establish a refined 3D finite element model， which realistically represents the actual overburden load on the tunnel. Using field monitoring data of crown settlement， the mechanical parameters of the Class V rock were back-calculated. The accuracy of the calculated values was then verified using monitoring points from subsequent construction sections. The calculated results from 2D tunnel finite element models with different overburden depths were compared with those from the 3D model to analyze the spatial effect of the shallow-buried tunnel.  Results With the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model and an elastic modulus of E=0.2 GPa， the finite element results matched the field crown settlement data closely， with verification point errors of 3.9% and 8.7%. The settlement deformation during construction of the shallow-buried tunnel exhibits a significant spatial effect. When the ratio of tunnel depth（H） to tunnel width（B） equals 2， the 2D model can predict tunnel settlement deformation reliably. For H/B <2， the 2D model overestimates the settlement compared with the 3D model； for H/B <2， the 2D model underestimates the settlement.  Conclusions Using a real-scene model generated by UAV oblique photography， a finite element model can be established rapidly. The back-calculation of parameter E based on monitoring data effectively predicts tunnel settlement. Moreover， the crown settlement deformation of shallow-buried tunnels shows a clear spatial effect.

Key words:shallow-buried tunnel;oblique photography;finite element analysis;parameter inversion;spatial effect