张建, 赵海峰, 任华纯,等.秦楚隧道碳质板岩强度和崩解特性试验研究[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,45(4):131-139.

ZHANG J, ZHAO H F, REN H C,et al.Experimental study on the strength and disintegration characteristics of carbonaceous slate in Qinchu Tunnel[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2026,45(4):131-139.

秦楚隧道碳质板岩强度和崩解特性试验研究

张建1, 赵海峰1, 任华纯1, 彭勃1, 刘伟1, 张慧梅2, 符晓2

1.中铁十二局集团 第四工程有限公司，陕西 西安  710021;2.西安科技大学 建筑与土木工程学院，陕西 西安  710054

摘要:在隧道建设期间，层状岩石结构易于引发拱顶坍塌、初期支护开裂等问题，因此对层状岩石力学特征进行深入剖析具有重大的工程实用价值。碳质板岩作为层状变质岩中的一种典型岩体，层间胶结程度差且易破碎，这将导致隧道掘进穿越碳质板岩时发生严重的结构损伤，岩体强度大幅度下降，力学性能发生变化。  目的为了剖析碳质板岩的力学特性，明晰碳质板岩的崩解机理，  方法 以碳质板岩为研究对象，开展静态崩解试验、单轴压缩试验、三轴压缩试验，分析不同含水状态、不同层理面角度影响下板岩的力学性能，并讨论岩样变形破坏模式和崩解机理。  结果 结果表明：（1）干燥状态试样峰值强度更高，峰值前曲线变化趋势近似线性关系，塑性破坏突然，干燥试样弹性模量比自然及饱和条件试样的高。峰值强度后试样（干燥、自然）表现出不同程度的脆性跌落现象，而饱和状态下试样峰值（23.02 MPa）后强度仍可维持（21 MPa左右）。（2）多次崩解循环后弱风化板岩崩解程度较低，水分子进入岩体导致胶结键破坏并促使形成碎块状是中风化岩崩解的原因；全风化及强风化板岩吸水膨胀同时产生不均匀应力推动岩样完全崩解。  结论研究结果可为类似条件下软岩隧道施工大变形和破坏的控制提供参考。

关键词:隧道工程;碳质板岩;崩解特性;力学性能

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024090011

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（12172280）

收稿日期:2024/09/05

修回日期:2025/04/21

出版日期:2026/06/17

Experimental study on the strength and disintegration characteristics of carbonaceous slate in Qinchu Tunnel

Zhang Jian1, Zhao Haifeng1, Ren Huachun1, Peng Bo1, Liu Wei1, Zhang Huimei2, Fu Xiao2

1.Fourth Engineering Co.， Ltd.， China Railway 12th Bureau Group， Xi’an  710021， Shaanxi， China;2.School of Architecture and Civil Engineering， Xi'an University of Science and Technology， Xi’an  710054， Shaanxi， China

Abstract: Objectives During the tunnel construction， layered rock structures are prone to problems such as vault collapse and initial support cracking. Therefore， it is of great engineering value to deeply analyze the mechanical characteristics of layered rock.Carbonaceous slate， as a typical rock mass of layered metamorphic rock， exhibits poor interlayer cementation and is easily broken， which can lead to serious structural damage when tunneling through it， significantly reducing rock mass strength and altering its mechanical properties. This study aims to analyze the mechanical properties and clarify the disintegration mechanism of carbonaceous slate.  Methods Static disintegration tests， uniaxial compression tests and triaxial compression tests were carried out on carbonaceous slate. The mechanical properties of slate under different water content states and different bedding plane angles were analyzed， and the deformation failure modes and disintegration mechanisms of rock samples were discussed. Results The results show that： （1） The peak strength of dry samples is higher， the pre-peak stress-strain curve is approximately linear， and plastic failure occurs suddenly. The elastic modulus of the dry samples is higher than that of natural and saturated samples. After the peak strength， dry and natural samples exhibit different degrees of brittle drop， while the post-peak strength of the saturated samples （23.02 MPa） can still be maintained at approximately 21 MPa. （2） After multiple disintegration cycles， the disintegration degree of weakly weathered slate is low. For moderately weathered rock， water molecules entering the rock mass destroy cementation bonds and promote the formation of broken blocks， leading to disintegration. For fully weathered and strongly weathered slate， water absorption and swelling generate uneven stress， driving complete disintegration of the rock samples. Conclusions The research results can provide a reference for controlling large deformation and failure in soft rock tunnel construction under similar conditions.

Key words:tunnel engineering;carbonaceous slate;disintegration characteristics;mechanical properties