张家铭, 戚孝建, 王玉杰,等.最佳配比下缓冲材料渗透性及力学性能研究[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,45(4):190-198.

ZHANG J M, QI X J, WANG Y J,et al.Permeability and mechanical properties of buffer materials under optimal proportion[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2026,45(4):190-198.

最佳配比下缓冲材料渗透性及力学性能研究

张家铭1, 戚孝建1, 王玉杰1, 赵嘉1, 南敢1, 侯欣雨1, 熊秋玲2

1.中国地质大学（武汉） 工程学院，湖北 武汉  430074;2.吉林大学 建设工程学院，吉林 长春  130000

摘要: 目的为了安全处置核能产生的大量放射性废物，对隔离放射性物质的阻滞材料进行最佳配比下的渗透性及力学性能研究。  方法 研究膨润土-碎石-砂缓冲材料最佳配比下的主要性能，包括材料配比与最大堆积密度、最大干密度之间的关系，并进行模拟试验，探究人工模拟地基的承载力、渗透性等。  结果结果表明：材料的最大堆积密度在一定范围内与细粒颗粒含量呈正相关，细颗粒含量由5%升至20%时，材料的最大堆积密度增大。材料的最大干密度与膨润土含量和含水率有关，膨润土含量越低，材料最大干密度越低；材料含水率增高，其最大干密度降低；在高压实状态下，缓冲材料的地基承载力较高，承载力曲线比例界限不明显，渗透系数较小，平均值为1.577 8×10^-5 cm/s，为弱透水层，抗渗性能较好。  结论 缓冲材料的最佳配比与各材料含量有关，主要通过影响材料的孔隙度控制最大干密度，最佳配比为10%膨润土+24.4%机制砂+65.6%碎石；缓冲材料的承载力与其密实度有关，在材料最佳配比下，缓冲材料的承载力较高，抗渗性能较好，为弱透水层。

关键词:膨润土;地基承载力;渗透系数;放射性废物

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024060024

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（42177166）

收稿日期:2024/06/13

修回日期:2024/08/27

出版日期:2026/06/17

Permeability and mechanical properties of buffer materials under optimal proportion

Zhang Jiaming1, Qi Xiaojian1, Wang Yujie1, Zhao Jia1, Nan Gan1, Hou Xinyu1, Xiong Qiuling2

1.Faculty of Engineering， China University of Geosciences， Wuhan  430074， Hubei， China;2.School of Construction Engineering， Jilin University， Changchun  130000， Jilin， China

Abstract: Objectives To safely dispose of the large amount of radioactive waste generated by nuclear energy， the permeability and mechanical properties of barrier materials under optimal proportions were investigated.  Methods The main properties of bentonite-gravel-sand buffer materials under the optimal proportion were studied， including the relationship between the material proportion and the maximum bulk density. Simulation tests were carried out to explore the bearing capacity and permeability of an artificial simulated foundation.  Results The results show that the maximum bulk density of the material is positively correlated with the fine particle content within a certain range. When the fine particle content increases from 5% to 20%， the maximum bulk density increases. The maximum dry density of the material is related to the bentonite content and water content. The lower the bentonite content，the lower the maximum dry density； the higher the water content， the lower the maximum dry density. Under high compaction， the buffer material exhibits high foundation bearing capacity， with no proportional limit in the bearing capacity curve， and a low permeability coefficient. The average permeability coefficient is 1.577 8×10^-5 cm/s，indicating a weak permeable layer with good impermeability.  Conclusions The optimal proportion of the buffer material is related to the content of each component， mainly controlling the maximum dry density by affecting the porosity of the material. The optimal proportion is 10% bentonite + 24.4% manufactured sand + 65.6% gravel. The bearing capacity of the buffer material is related to its compactness. Under the optimal proportion， the buffer material exhibits high bearing capacity and better impermeability， and is classified as a weak permeable layer.

Key words:bentonite;foundation bearing capacity;permeability coefficient;radioactive waste