Abstract：Population resources have played a key role in the rapid economic development of China.However, China's new stage of economic development comes, which is characterized by the aging population structure and the decreased working age population caused by one-child policy, demographic factors have become the obstacle of the industrial economic development. The policy of one couple having two children that is named as“comprehensive two-child”was decided to fully implement at the meeting of the fifth plenary session of the 18 th CPC central committee. This policy can ease the contradiction between population and economic development, and promote the balanced development of population. However, it will also bring many problems to the development of China's industrial economy. This paper analyzed the status quo development of the population and industrial economy in our country. The advantages and disadvantages of the policy to industrial economy was discussed in combination with the relationship between population and economic development. The corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward, which has great significance in the sustainable development of China's industrial economy.

Keyword：comprehensive two-child policy;industrial economy;labor resources;demographic dividend;