Abstract：In the Republic of China, the trade union in China developed in multiple paths. Unlike the class and revolutionary mobilization of the Chinese Communist Party, the Kuomintang's organization of workers' groups was mainly based on the political need of social control and governance. During the period of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression, the nationalist sentiment emerged as a factor to unite workers to take part in the counter-Japanese movement. The problem the trade union facing was how to adapt to the war and strengthen the counter-Japanese force. Based on the structure-function analysis, the author reconstructs the action logic of three subjects, including the Kuomintang government, the trade union under the Kuomintang government and members of the trade union, and then reflects the plight of collective action in terms of action structure.

Keyword：counter-Japanese;the Kuomintang (KMT) ;trade union;structural plight;