Abstract：The Mining Supervision Department, successor of Railway and Mining Bureau in late Qing dynasty, was founded in the Early Republic of China, with which Zhang Jian ( minister of Agriculture and Commerce Department) hoped to supervise the Mining industry. It is an organization that the central authority dispatched to local areas to administer regional mining. There were eight Mining Supervision Departments, and each one supervised two or three provinces under the lead of Agriculture and Commerce Department. Guaranteed by Mining Regulations of the Republic of China, Mining Supervision Departments administered mining industry, dealt with mining disputes, carried out policies of the central government and promoted mining industry in the early Republic of China. However, Mining Supervision Departments were dissolved one year later, due to the opposition from local power and deficiency of central financial support.

Keyword：the Republic of China;the Mining Supervision Department;Zhang Jian;mining adminis-tration;