Abstract：Enlightenment reason is one of the hot topics in the field of contemporary thought. By discussing the abstract identity of rationality's rule on human, the author reveals that enlightenment reverts to mythology in Dialectic of Enlightenment. Abstract rationality gradually becomes a ruling ideology tool in authoritative society. The public unconsciously enter into a state of “self-hold”, which deviates from the human subjectivity since the Enlightenment, and rationality heads for the opposite. Marx has done a critical analysis of capitalist society by means of political economy. To get rid of the rule of abstract rationality on human, we must criticize the “rational metaphysics”. Starting from the economic methods and thinking modes contained in rational metaphysics and combining with Marx's critical theory of political economy, we must treat rational metaphysics in a critical way and find out the possibility for rationality to save itself.

Keyword：enlightment reason;rational metaphysics;identity thinking;self-salvation;