Abstract：China has its own history and culture, which are very different from western countries. The relationship between judicial power and administrative power presented in national governance in Qin and Han Dynasties is a miniature of the unique Chinese history and culture. At the central level, the judicial power and administrative power are separated and balanced, centered on the imperial power. At the local level, the judicial power and administrative power are unified and highly centralized. The relationship between judicial power and administrative power presented in this period demonstrates three kinds of characteristics: practicableness, arbitrary and regularity of concentric circle generated from the power relation in a “great unity”society. Being a miniature of ancient political power in China, this power relation not only has a profound impact on the political power after the Qin and Han Dynasties, but also has some historical implication to optimizing the judicial power and administrative power of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

Keyword：Qin and Han Dynasties;judicial power;administrative power;relationship;historical traits;