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爆破冲击作用下露天矿边坡稳定性模拟研究

孙磊1, 杜小雪2, 马宏发3, 刘传鹏2, 杨俊涛2

1.国能北电胜利能源有限公司，内蒙古 锡林浩特  026000；2.中国矿业大学（北京） 力学与土木工程学院，北京  100083；3.山东科技大学 能源与矿业工程学院，山东 青岛  266590

摘要: 目的 为了探讨爆破冲击作用下的边坡动力响应和稳定性演化规律，开展爆破冲击作用下露天矿边坡稳定性模拟研究。  方法 以蒙东某露天矿边坡为研究对象，开展了现场爆破监测试验。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了边坡数值模型，反演了边坡质点的动态响应规律，研究了边坡岩体有效应力、振动速度和测点位移特征；采用极限平衡法和拟静力法推导了爆破冲击下边坡安全系数计算公式。 结果 在爆破作用下边坡监测点1~4的应力峰值分别为1.09，0.55，0.23，0.15 MPa，有效应力持续时间分别为8，5，4，3 ms；边坡监测点1~4的X方向峰值振速分别为9.98，3.88，1.99，0.95 cm/s；边坡监测点1~4的岩体单元残余变形分别为0.001 80，0.000 90，0.000 55，0.000 40 cm。  结论 结果表明：爆破作用产生的有效应力向岩体内部传播，边坡岩体有效应力峰值随时间和距离增加逐渐减小；随着爆心距增加，边坡质点峰值振速不断减小；在塑性区范围内，边坡监测点单元在爆炸应力波作用下产生残余变形，且岩体单元残余变形随爆心距增加逐渐减小；理论计算得到静力作用（不考虑爆破作用）和考虑爆破作用下该边坡安全系数分别为1.35，1.05，满足规范要求，表明该露天矿边坡处于稳定状态。研究结果可为露天矿边坡爆破施工提供参考。

关键词:爆破振动;数值模拟;露天矿边坡;动力响应;边坡稳定性

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2023090032

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC2904100）

收稿日期:2023/09/14

修回日期:2024/05/09

出版日期:2025/10/14

Simulation study on the stability of open-pit mine slopes under blasting impact

Sun Lei1, Du Xiaoxue2, Ma Hongfa3, Liu Chuanpeng2, Yang Juntao2

1.Guoneng Beidian Shengli Energy Co.， Ltd.， Xilinhot  026000， Inner Mongolia， China；2.School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering， China University of Mining and Technology， Beijing  100083， China；3.College of Energy and Mining Engineering， Shandong University of Science and Technology， Shandong  266590， Qingdao， China

Abstract: Objectives To investigate the dynamic response and stability evolution of slopes under blasting impact.  Methods Field blasting monitoring tests were conducted on the slope of an open-pit mine in eastern Inner Mongolia. A numerical slope model was established using ANSYS/LS-DYNA to simulate and analyze the dynamic response of slope particles. The effective stress， vibration velocity， and displacement characteristics of the slope rock mass were examined. The safety factor of the slope under blasting impact was derived using the limit equilibrium method and quasi-static method. Results Under blasting， the peak stresses at monitoring points 1–4 were 1.09， 0.55， 0.23， and 0.15 MPa， with effective stress durations of 8， 5， 4， and 3 ms. The peak vibration velocities in the X-direction were 9.98， 3.88， 1.99， and 0.95 cm/s， and the residual deformations of the rock mass units were 0.001 80， 0.000 90， 0.000 55， and 0.000 40 cm. Conclusions The results indicate that the effective stress induced by blasting propagates into the rock mass， with its peak value decreasing over time and distance. As the distance from the blast center increases， the peak vibration velocity of slope particles decreases， and residual deformations in the plastic zone gradually diminish. The calculated safety factors  under static conditions （1.35） and blasting conditions （1.05） both meet the specification requirements， indicating that the open-pit slope remains stable. These findings provide a reference for blasting construction in the open-pit mines.

Key words: blasting vibration; numerical simulation; open-pit slope; dynamic response; slope stability