作者：曹青春

作者单位：上海大学哲学系

摘要：外延主义一直是逻辑发展的一个重要方向,即逻辑要求摆脱内涵的束缚,走外延的形式化之路。然而现代模态逻辑的出现,揭示了外延主义逻辑的局限性,宣布了构建内涵逻辑的可行性,但外延主义处理不了模态词,因此只能求助于内涵的分析。与外延逻辑追求的有效性不同,内涵逻辑追求的是恰当性,追求恰当性是内涵逻辑发展的直接动力。然而传统内涵逻辑也面临替换失效性问题,因为内涵逻辑本身也过于追求形式化,忽视了对语境的要求。目前看来,语境要素可能是突破内涵逻辑限度的可行性方案之一。

Abstract：Extensionalism has always been an important direction for the development of logic. However, modern modal logic not only discloses the limitations of extensional logic, but enables the development of intensional logic. Different from extensional logic, which aims at effectiveness, intensional logic emphasizes appropriateness, which is the direct motivity for the development of intensional logic. Traditional intensional logic, however, also faces the problem of substitution failure, because intensional logic puts too much emphasis on formalization and neglects the context. Contextual elements might beone way out to overcome the limitation of intensional logic.

关键词：内涵逻辑;外延逻辑;失效性问题;弗雷格;

DOI：10.16698/j.hpu(social.sciences).1673-9779.2018.01.005

分类号：B81-05