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Guo W B, Ge Z B, Hu Y H, et al.Study on surface movement laws of aeolian sand surface under subcritical mining[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2026,45(6):1-11.

风积沙非充分采动地表移动规律研究

郭文兵, 葛志博, 胡玉杭, 杨伟强, 胡超群, 王宇

河南理工大学 能源科学与工程学院， 河南 焦作 454003

摘要: 目的 为了更好保护利用非充分采动下开采沉陷区地表建筑物和土地复垦，开展风积沙地貌非充分采动地表移动变形规律研究。  方法 以门克庆煤矿11-3105工作面为研究背景，建立地表移动观测站对研究区域地表移动进行连续监测，对风积沙地貌地表移动变形规律进行理论分析。  结果 实测数据表明：大采深风积沙地貌非充分采动条件下，地表走向、倾向最大下沉值分别为423，464 mm，地表沉降量较小，说明地表沉降响应表现缓和，计算出最大下沉速度滞后距为401 m，最大下沉速度滞后角为60.97°；结合关键层理论和固支梁挠度分析，发现工作面上覆岩层在沉降传导过程中会出现离层空间，揭示了地表在风积沙缓冲作用下沉降较小的机理。通过深入研究地表移动持续时间，以微积分和几何学为基础构建地表移动持续时间“面积”计算模型，给出地表移动持续时间计算公式，并分别预测11-3105工作面（超）充分采动区域的测点和10个不同矿区地表移动持续时间，11-3105工作面部分测点预测值与实测值最小误差为5 d，最大误差为10 d，10个不同矿区预测值与实测值最小误差为4 d，最大误差为34 d，与实测结果吻合程度较高，验证了“面积”计算模型的预测精度和合理性。  结论 研究结果丰富了煤矿开采地表移动规律，对开采沉陷区建筑物利用保护和土地复垦等具有指导意义。

关键词:大采深;风积沙地貌;地表持续移动时间;地表沉陷;移动变形规律

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024070030

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（U21A20108）

收稿日期:2024/07/08

修回日期:2024/10/10

出版日期:2026/10/09

Study on surface movement laws of aeolian sand surface under subcritical mining

Guo Wenbing, Ge Zhibo, Hu Yuhang, Yang Weiqiang, Hu Chaoqun, Wang Yu

School of Energy Science and Engineering， Henan Polytechnic University， Jiaozuo 454003， Henan， China

Abstract: Objectives In order to better protect and utilize surface structures and promote land reclamation in mining subsidence areas under subcritical mining conditions， study has been conducted on the surface movement and deformation of aeolian sand landforms.  Methods Taking the working face 11-3105 of the Menkeqing Coal Mine as the research background， a surface movement observation station was established to conduct continuous monitoring of ground subsidence in the study area， followed by a theoretical analysis of the surface movement and deformation laws in the aeolian sand landform.  Results Field data indicate that under conditions of subcritical mining in deep， aeolian sand landforms， the maximum subsidence values along the strike and dip directions are 423 mm and 464 mm， respectively. The relatively small surface subsidence suggests a mild surface subsidence response. The calculated maximum subsidence velocity lag distance is 401 m， with a corresponding lag angle of 60.97°. Based on key stratum theory and fixed-end beam deflection analysis， it is found that separation spaces will occur in the overlying strata during the subsidence transfer process. This reveals the mechanism behind the reduced surface settlement， which is attributed to the cushioning effect of the aeolian sand. Through an in-depth study of surface movement duration， a "surface area"-based calculation model was developed using calculus and geometry， leading to the formulation of a predictive formula for surface movement duration. The model was applied to predict the duration for monitoring points in the （super-）critical mining area of working face 11-3105 and for ten different mining districts. For working face 11-3105， the minimum error between predicted and measured values was 5 d， and the maximum error was 10 d. For the ten mining districts， the minimum error was 4 d， and the maximum error was 34 d. The high degree of agreement with field measurements validates the prediction accuracy and rationality of the "surface area" calculation model.  Conclusions The findings enrich the understanding of laws of surface movement in coal mining and provide significant guidance for the protection and utilization of buildings， as well as land reclamation， in mining subsidence areas.

Key words: deep mining; aeolian sand landforms; duration of surface movement; surface subsidence; movement and deformation law