Abstract：In On the Jewish Question,Marx transformed the Jewish question from a theological question to a social-historical question,from the study on “the Sabbath Jew”to “the everyday Jew”,from religion critique to the critique of civil society. He pointed out that Judaism was the supreme practical expression of human self-estrangement. Only when the civil society was emancipated from Judaism,could human self-estrangement be sublated. And only through the revolution of the proletariat,could the social relations be reshaped,and society be emancipated.

Keyword：Jewish question;Judaism;self-estrangement;human emancipation;