Abstract：Historical experience was restricted in both ancient and Christian worlds. Only in the context of modern Enlightenment can historical consciousness achieve true independence. History became the source of meaning, and the issue of value nihilism began to emerge. However, nihilism was not only a theoretical problem, but also a practical problem. As a crisis of human existence, it cannot be overcome through pure theory or “criticism”and can only be solved through the practical activities of human. As a new view of history, Marx's historical materialism has provided us with a real path to surpass the crisis of modernity in some extent.

Keyword：value nihilism;Enlightenment;historical consciousness;modernity;