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临近基坑开挖条件下有限土体主动土压力分析

房凯1, 王硕1, 刘念武2

1.山东科技大学 能源与矿业工程学院，山东 青岛  266590；2.浙江理工大学 建筑工程学院，浙江 杭州  310018

摘要: 目的 临近基坑同时开挖时，坑间有限土体双侧的基坑变形均会对土压力的分布产生影响，合理分析并确定其有限土压力特性已成为工程面临的重要问题。 方法 为了表征临近基坑开挖条件下有限土体土压力，利用离散元分析临近基坑同时开挖条件下有限土体的变形规律和临近基坑开挖对土压力发展的影响机理，通过不同区域土体单元的受力分析构建临近基坑开挖过程中有限土体主动土压力的分析模型，并对不同挡墙位移条件下有限土体土压力的发挥特性进行分析。 结果 结果表明，临近基坑开挖时，与单侧基坑开挖情况相比，临近基坑两侧同时开挖条件下挡墙所受有限土体土压力更小，两种情况下的土压力差值受有限土体宽高比和挡墙位移影响，有限土体宽高比越小，压力差值越大；随着挡墙位移的增加，两者土压力差值先增大后减小，当挡墙位移达到土体整体主动状极限态所需位移量的1/2时，土压力差达到最大值。 结论 所提方法可以较好表征临近基坑同时开挖条件下的土压力分布特征，为受两侧挡墙位移影响条件下的有限土体主动土压力计算提供理论支撑。

关键词:主动土压力;有限土体;临近基坑;离散元方法

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2024010009

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（52078466）

收稿日期:2024/01/02

修回日期:2024/03/05

出版日期:2025-12-03

Active earth pressure analysis of finite soil mass under excavation conditions of adjacent foundation pits

Fang Kai1, Wang Shuo1, Liu Nianwu2

1.College of Energy and Mining Engineering，Shandong University of Science and Technology， Qingdao  266590， Shandong， China；2.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture， Zhejiang Sci-Tech University， Hangzhou  310018， Zhejiang， China

Abstract: Objectives When adjacent foundation pits are excavated simultaneously， the deformations of finite soil between the pits on both sides influence the distribution of earth pressure. A rational analysis and determination of the characteristics of finite soil pressure have become crucial issues in engineering. Methods To characterize the soil pressure of finite soil under the condition of adjacent foundation pit excavation， the deformation patterns of finite soil during simultaneous excavation of adjacent pits and the mechanisms by which excavation affects soil pressure development were analyzed using the discrete element method. By conducting stress analysis on soil elements in different regions， an analysis model for active soil pressure of finite soil during excavation of adjacent foundation pits was constructed， and the characteristics of soil pressure under varying retaining wall displacements were evaluated. Results The results show that the displacement field and slip mode of finite soil differ from those under unilateral foundation pit excavation. Compared with unilateral excavation， the earth pressure on retaining walls under simultaneous excavation of adjacent pits is smaller. The difference in earth pressure between the two cases is influenced by the aspect ratio of the finite soil and the displacement of the retaining wall， the smaller the aspect ratio， the greater the pressure difference. As the retaining wall displacement increases， the pressure difference first increases and then decreases. When the wall displacement reaches half of the displacement required for the overall active limit state of the soil， the pressure difference reaches its maximum. Conclusions The proposed method can effectively characterize the distribution of earth pressure under simultaneous excavation of adjacent foundation pits， providing theoretical support for calculating active earth pressure of finite soil under the influence of displacements of retaining walls on both sides.

Key words:active earth pressure;finite soil mass;adjacent foundation pit;discrete element method