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ZHANG H, XIAO D S, CHEN X , et al.Characteristics of deep coal reservoirs and exploration potential of coal-measure gas in Turpan-Hami Basin[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2026,45(1):29-39.

吐哈盆地深部煤储层特征与煤岩气勘探潜力

张华1,2, 肖冬生1, 陈旋1, 武超1, 程祎1, 凯萨尔·吾热依木1

1.中国石油吐哈油田公司 勘探开发研究院，新疆 哈密  839009；2.怀柔实验室 新疆研究院，新疆 乌鲁木齐  830000

摘要: 目的 针对吐哈盆地深部煤岩气勘探地质认识薄弱问题，以深部煤岩气井K1井为研究对象，系统研究其煤储层特征和勘探潜力，揭示深部煤岩气赋存规律与成藏模式，为规模化勘探开发提供依据。 方法 通过煤岩分析化验、三维CT扫描、覆压孔渗试验和等温吸附测试等方法，结合煤岩显微组分、孔隙结构、渗透率等参数，综合分析煤储层物性特征。对比准噶尔盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地等区域地质条件，结合测井资料与煤层气资源量预测方法，评价吐哈盆地深部煤岩气勘探潜力。 结果 吐哈盆地深部煤储层以低-中煤阶（K1井： R_o=0.64%~0.94%）为主，镜质组含量达80.96%，煤体结构完整但松软，具有“低孔、低渗、孔隙结构复杂”的特征，煤储层孔隙度为2.99%~7.55%、渗透率为0.044×10-3~13.52×10-3μm2，孔隙度、渗透率随埋深增加呈下降趋势，具“微孔吸附+宏孔/裂隙游离”双相态储气特征，现场含气量测试显示主力煤层总含气量14.24~18.23 cm3/g，游离气占35%~40%，解吸速率快（吸附时间4.06~5.01 d），表现出“双相共存、游离优先”的赋存优势。成藏模式划分为北部山前带“调整型”气藏与中部洼陷区“自生自储型”气藏。对比准噶尔、鄂尔多斯盆地，吐哈盆地深部煤岩气具有中低煤阶热演化适中、游离气比例高、初期产气效率快等优势。 结论 吐哈盆地深部煤岩气勘探潜力显著，台北凹陷主煤层（西山窑组）资源量超2.2万亿m³，温吉桑构造带和小草湖南斜坡因“高游离气比例、低解吸阻力”成为优势勘探区。

关键词:深部煤储层;煤岩气;勘探潜力;赋存特征

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2025050012

基金项目:国家科技重大专项（2024ZD1406000）；新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项项目（2024B03002）；中国石油青年科技专项项目（2024DQ03025）；中国石油天然气股份有限公司攻关性应用性科技专项项目（2023ZZ18YJ03）

收稿日期:2025/05/17

修回日期:2025/07/23

出版日期:2025-12-03

Characteristics of deep coal reservoirs and exploration potential of coal-measure gas in Turpan-Hami Basin

Zhang Hua1,2, Xiao Dongsheng1, Chen Xuan1, Wu Chao1, Cheng Yi1, Wureyimu Kesar1

1.Research Institute of Exploration & Development， PetroChina Tuha Oilfield Company， Hami  839009， Xinjiang， China；2.Xinjiang Research Institute， Huairou Laboratory， Urumqi  830000， Xinjiang， China

Abstract: Objectives Taddress insufficient geological understanding of deep coal-measure gas exploration in the Turpan-Hami（Tuha）Basin， this study focuses on well K1—the deep coal-measure gas well—systematically investigating its coal reservoir characteristics and exploration potential. The aim is to reveal the gas occurrence patterns and accumulation models in deep coal measures， providing a scientific basis for large-scale exploration and development. Methods Coal petrographic analysis， three-dimensional CT scanning， overburden pressure porosity-permeability experiments， and isothermal adsorption tests are conducted. Parameters such as coal maceral composition， pore structure， and dynamic permeability changes are integrated for a comprehensive analysis of the reservoir physical properties. Geological conditions of the Junggar and Ordos Basins are compared， and logging data combined with coalbed methane resource prediction methods are used to evaluate the exploration potential of deep coal-measure gas in the Tuha Basin. Results Deep coal reservoirs in the Tuha Basin are predominantly low- to medium-rank coals（K1 well： R_o =0.64%~0.94%）， with vitrinite content up to 80.96%. The coal exhibits intact yet soft structures， characterized by “low porosity， low permeability， and complex pore structures.” Porosity ranges from 2.99% to 7.55%， and permeability varies from 0.044×10-3 to 13.52×10-3 μm2， both decreasing with depth. The reservoirs demonstrate a dual-phase gas storage mechanism of “microporous adsorption + macroporous/fracture free gas.” Field gas content tests indicate a total gas content of 14.24 to 18.23 cm3/g in the main coal seams， with free gas accounting for 35%~40%. The desorption rates are rapid （adsorption times ranging from 4.06 to 5.01 days）， demonstrating a “coexisting dual-phase， free gas-dominated” storage advantage. Two reservoir formation models are identified： （1） the northern piedmont “adjustment-type” gas reservoir and （2） the central sag “self-sourced and self-reservoired” gas reservoir. Compared to the Junggar and Ordos Basins， the Tuha Basin exhibits moderate thermal evolution， high free gas ratios，and rapid initial production efficiency. Conclusions The deep coal-measure gas in the Tuha Basin shows significant exploration potential. The main coal seams in the Taibei Sag （Xishanyao Formation） contain resources reserves exceeding 2.2 trillion m3. The Wenjisang structural belt and Xiaocao South Slope emerge as prioritized exploration targets due to their “high free gas ratios and low desorption resistance.”

Key words:deep coal reservoir;coal-measure gas;exploration potential;gas occurrence characteristics