郭文兵, 胡超群, 张伊辉, 等.采动影响下逆断层稳定性及覆岩移动规律研究[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,45(2):1-10.

GUO W B, HU C Q, ZHANG Y H，et al.A study on the stability of reverse faults and of overlying strata movement under mining disturbance[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2026,45(2):1-10.

采动影响下逆断层稳定性及覆岩移动规律研究

郭文兵1,2, 胡超群1, 张伊辉3, 葛志博1

1.河南理工大学 能源科学与工程学院，河南 焦作  454003；2.煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用省部共建协同创新中心，河南 焦作  454003；3.郑州煤炭工业集团有限责任公司 大平煤矿，河南 郑州  452370

摘要:目的 为了深入探究采动影响下逆断层稳定性和覆岩移动规律，避免断层受采动影响发生活化失稳，开展采动影响下逆断层稳定性和覆岩移动规律研究。 方法 系统剖析采动影响下断层活化机制，量化评估逆断层上下盘不同开采条件下断层活化难易程度，对比分析相应覆岩破坏方式和裂隙发育规律。 结果 结果表明：（1）在逆断层上盘开采时，覆岩节理法向和剪切位移矢量均趋于0，表明采动对覆岩移动和断层活化未产生显著影响，断层在开采影响下出现应力集中现象，但并未发生滑移；（2）在逆断层下盘开采时，覆岩沉降最大值比上盘覆岩沉降最大值高0.16 m，且裂隙发育高度更高，覆岩节理法向和剪切位移矢量分别为0.4，1.3 m，断层在采动影响下出现应力集中和“活化”滑移失稳现象；（3）利用活化风险指数Q判断断层活化风险大小，对比上下盘开采情况发现，下盘开采后断层更易发生“活化”滑移；（4）上下盘工作面开采时，断层稳定需分别满足T/F＞0.087，T/F＞11.43，因此下盘开采时断层更易失稳；（5）上下盘工作面开采时，断层稳定性差异显著，在下盘工作面开采时，工作面右侧与断层的水平距离需大于117 m。 结论 研究结果对回收煤炭资源和保障井上下安全具有重要意义。

关键词:逆断层;开采扰动;活化;裂隙发育;应力集中

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2025030009

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（U21A20108）；河南省国际科技合作项目（251111521200）

收稿日期:2025/03/05

修回日期:2025/05/24

出版日期:2026/01/28

A study on the stability of reverse faults and of overlying strata movement under mining disturbance

Guo Wenbing1,2, Hu Chaoqun1, Zhang Yihui3, Ge Zhibo1

1.School of Energy Science and Engineering， Henan Polytechnic University， Jiaozuo  454003， Henan， China；2.Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization， Jiaozuo  454003， Henan， China；3.Daping Coal Mine， Zhengzhou Coal Industry Group Co.， Ltd.， Zhengzhou  452370， Henan， China

Abstract: Objectives The stability of reverse faults and the overlying strata movement pattern under mining influence is investigated to prevent fault activation and instability triggered by mining activities.  Methods Through a combination of engineering case studies， theoretical analysis， and numerical simulations， the fault activation mechanism under mining disturbance is systematically analyzed. The susceptibility of fault activation during hanging-wall and foot-wall mining operation is quantitatively assessed and the corresponding failure modes and fracture development patterns in the overlying strata are compared. Results The results show that： （1） During hanging wall mining of the reverse fault， both normal and shear displacement vectors of the overlying rock joints approach 0， indicating minimal mining impact on strata movement and fault activation. Although stress concentration is observed near the fault but no slip displacement occurs. （2） During foot-wall mining， the maximum overlying strata settlement is 0.16 m higher than during hanging-wall mining， with greater fracture development height. The normal and shear displacement vectors of the overlying rock joints reach 0.4 m and 1.3 m， respectively. Under the influence of mining， the fault exhibits both stress concentration and activation-induced slip instability. （3） Using the activation risk index Q to evaluate the fault activation risk， foot-wall mining is found to demonstrate higher susceptibility to fault slip activation. （4） The stability criteria for faults during hanging-wall and foot-wall mining are determined to be T/F＞0.087 and T/F＞11.43， respectively， indicating greater instability risk during foot-wall mining. Significant differences in fault stability are observed between the two mining scenarios. （5） For foot-wall mining， a protective coal pillars with a  horizontal distance exceeding 117 m between the working face and the fault is required. Conclusions These results provide critical insights for optimizing coal resource recovery while ensuring mining safety in areas affected by reverse fault structures.

Key words: reverse fault; mining disturbance; activation; fracture development; stress concentration