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XU L J, XU H F, LIU X P,et al.Numerical simulation of the evolution of mining-induced stress-damage-seepage fields and surface subsidence characteristics under extremely thick water-bearing unconsolidated layers[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2026,45(2):11-21.

巨厚含水松散层下采动围岩应力-损伤-渗流场演化及地表沉陷特征模拟研究

徐良骥1,2, 徐华锋1,3, 刘潇鹏1,3, 曹宗友1,2,4

1.安徽理工大学 深部煤炭安全开采与环境保护全国重点实验室，安徽 淮南  232001；2.合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院，安徽 合肥  230001；3.安徽理工大学 空间信息与测绘工程学院，安徽 淮南  232001；4.安徽理工大学 安全科学与工程学院，安徽 淮南  232001

摘要: 目的 为了揭示巨厚含水松散层复杂地质条件下采动围岩损伤与地表沉降特征，探讨松散层厚度、基岩厚度和含水层失水等因素对地表沉降的影响。  方法 以淮北巨厚含水松散层矿区为研究区域，采用数值模拟方法，使用FLAC3D将应力-损伤-渗流耦合数学模型应用于巨厚含水松散层下煤层开采，分析采空区围岩损伤、渗透系数、地表采动与非采动沉降的演化特征。  结果 采后围岩损伤与渗流增高区呈“马鞍形”分布，随着松散层厚度增加，风化带原生裂隙扩展，在内部形成渗流优势通道，引导第四含水层水渗入，引发含水层失水固结，地表下沉加剧，下沉盆地中心区域更加平缓，地表沉降增长速率先快后缓。随着基岩厚度增加，采动围岩损伤和渗透增高区演化高度表现为先增后减，当基岩较薄时，整体易下沉、损伤范围易扩大，基岩较厚时，抑制风化带损伤演化，减少甚至阻止第四含水层水渗入风化带，降低第四含水层失水固结压缩沉降影响。  结论 松散层厚度和基岩厚度均对采动围岩损伤与渗透性能分布具有显著影响。松散层以自身重量为载荷对基岩产生影响，基岩厚度通过影响关键层的承载能力调节采动围岩损伤演化范围，与第四含水层直接接触的风化带是导致第四含水层失水的重要因素。研究结果可为巨厚松散层下煤层开采中的突水防治与地表沉陷控制提供关键理论指导。

关键词:巨厚含水松散层;开采沉降;流固耦合;开采损伤;渗透系数;地表沉陷

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2025080033

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（52104172，52574211）

收稿日期:2025/08/19

修回日期:2025/10/26

出版日期:2026/01/28

Numerical simulation of the evolution of mining-induced stress-damage-seepage fields and surface subsidence characteristics under extremely thick water-bearing unconsolidated layers

Xu Liangji1,2, Xu Huafeng1,3, Liu Xiaopeng1,3, Cao Zongyou1,2,4

1.State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection， Anhui University of Science and Technology， Huainan，  232001， Anhui， China；2.Institute of Energy， Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center， Hefei  230031， Anhui， China；3.School of Geomatics Informatics and Geomatics Engineering， Anhui University of Science and Technology， Huainan  232001， Anhui， China；4.School of Safety Science and Engineering， Anhui University of Science and Technology， Huainan  232001， Anhui， China

Abstract: Objectives To elucidate the evolution characteristics of mining-induced surrounding-rock damage and surface subsidence under complex geological conditions involving extremely thick water-bearing unconsolidated layers， and to investigate the effects of unconsolidated-layer thickness， bedrock thickness， and aquifer dewatering on surface subsidence. Methods The Huaibei mining area， characterized by extremely thick water-bearing unconsolidated layers， was selected as the study region. Numerical simulation was conducted using FLAC3D software to implement a stress-damage-seepage coupled mathematical model for coal mining beneath unconsolidated layers. The evolution of mining-induced surrounding-rock damage， permeability coefficient， and surface subsidence in both mined and unmined areas was analyzed. Results After mining， the surrounding-rock damage zone and high-permeability zone exhibited a saddle-shaped distribution. Increasing unconsolidated-layer thickness led to the expansion and interconnection of primary fractures in the weathered zone， forming preferential seepage pathways that guided groundwater infiltration from the fourth aquifer. This induced aquifer dewatering consolidation and intensified surface subsidence， exhibiting a growth pattern characterized by an initial rapid increase followed by gradual stabilization， with the central area of the subsidence basin becoming relatively flat. Increasing bedrock thickness caused the evolutionary height of the damage and high-permeability zones to first rise and then decline. Thin bedrock resulted in greater surface subsidence and more extensive damage zones， while thick bedrock effectively restrained damage evolution in the weathered zone， reduced or prevented infiltration from the fourth aquifer， and mitigated compressive subsidence caused by aquifer dewatering. Conclusions Both unconsolidated-layer thickness and bedrock thickness significantly influence the distribution of mining-induced surrounding-rock damage and permeability evolution. The extremely thick unconsolidated layer acts as an overburden load on the bedrock， while bedrock thickness regulates the extent of damage evolution by controlling the bearing capacity of key strata. The weathered zone in direct contact with the fourth aquifer is a critical factor contributing to aquifer dewatering. These findings provide a theoretical basis for water inrush prevention and surface subsidence control in coal mining beneath extremely thick water-bearing unconsolidated layers.

Key words: extremely thick water-bearing unconsolidated layer; mining subsidence;hydro-mechanical coupling; mining-induced surrounding-rock damage; hydraulic conductivity; surface subsidence