张广超, 刘宇航, 尹茂胜,等.深埋采场直覆厚硬顶板破断动载效应及沿空巷道稳定机理[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,45(2):86-96.

ZHANG G C, LIU Y H, YIN M S,et al.Dynamic fracturing effects of the immediately overlying thick， hard roof in deep mining and the stability mechanisms of gob-side roadways[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2026,45(2):86-96.

深埋采场直覆厚硬顶板破断动载效应及沿空巷道稳定机理

张广超1, 刘宇航1, 尹茂胜1, 张照允2, 郑灿广2, 张荣刚1, 雷腾1, 赵西坡2

1.山东科技大学 能源与矿业工程学院，山东 青岛  266590；2.兖矿能源集团股份有限公司， 山东 济宁  272000

摘要: 目的 针对兖州矿区深埋采场直覆厚硬顶板下沿空巷道冲击失稳问题，以济宁三号煤矿183_下06工作面运输巷为工程背景，探究其灾变机理并提出控制技术。  方法 采用现场调研、理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验结合的方法，建立采场直覆厚硬顶板悬臂梁力学模型，系统分析其采动承载状态和能量积聚演化分布规律，揭示顶板不同特性对沿空巷道灾变失稳的影响，阐明直覆厚硬顶板下沿空巷道动载型失稳定义、孕育发生过程，提出并应用基于变径封孔、顶板锚固-注浆耦合强化技术的成层式联合控制体系。  结果 结果表明：（1）厚硬顶板采动能量积聚分布受其赋存特性影响显著：顶板强度越高、厚度越大，其弯曲能量峰值越低，能量集中性也越弱；反之，顶板悬露长度越长、上覆岩层荷载越大，则积聚的弯曲能量峰值越高，高应力区范围也越显著。（2）深部巷道动载型失稳本质为厚硬顶板破断强动载扰动作用下巷道围岩能量急剧释放和结构动态劣化过程，表现为煤体抛出、支护体系失效等动力现象。（3）提出变径封孔卸压和顶板锚固-注浆耦合强化技术结合的成层式联合控制策略，形成针对直覆厚硬顶板的成层式防护体系。 结论 现场试验表明，该技术有效保障了直覆厚硬顶板下沿空巷道围岩稳定，对同类型巷道支护具有参考意义。

关键词:动载型失稳;直覆厚硬顶板;沿空巷道;动力灾害;成层式联合控制

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2025080022

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（52374098）；山东省自然科学基金资助项目（ZR202211070181）；山东省“泰山学者”青年计划项目（tsqn202408186）

收稿日期:2025/08/15

修回日期:2025/10/30

出版日期:2026/01/28

Dynamic fracturing effects of the immediately overlying thick， hard roof in deep mining and the stability mechanisms of gob-side roadways

Zhang Guangchao1, Liu Yuhang1, Yin Maosheng1, Zhang Zhaoyun2, Zheng Canguang2, Zhang Ronggang1, Lei Teng1, Zhao Xipo2

1.College of Energy and Mining Engineering， Shandong University of Science and Technology， Qingdao  266590，  Shandong， China；2.Yankuang Energy Group Co.， Ltd.， Jining  272000， Shandong， China

Abstract: Objectives To address impact-induced instability of gob-side roadways beneath immediately overlying thick， hard roof in deep mining faces of the Yanzhou mining area，  the transport roadway of the 18306 working face in Jisan Coal Mine is taken as the engineering background to investigate the underlying disaster mechanisms and propose effective control technologies.  Methods A comprehensive approach integrating field investigation， theoretical analysis， numerical simulation， and in-situ testing is employed. A cantilever-beam mechanical model of the immediately overlying thick， hard roof is established to systematically analyze its mining-induced load-bearing behavior and the evolution characteristics of energy accumulation. The influences of roof properties on the catastrophic instability of gob-side roadways are revealed， and the definition and evolutionary process of dynamic instability under thick， hard roof conditions are clarified. On this basis， a layered collaborative control system integrating variable-diameter borehole sealing and coupled roof anchoring–grouting reinforcement is proposed and implemented. Results 1. The accumulation and distribution of mining-induced energy in thick， hard roof strata are significantly influenced by their inherent geological and mechanical properties. Higher roof strength and greater thickness correspond to lower peak bending energy and weaker energy concentration， whereas longer roof suspension lengths and greater overlying loads result in higher peak bending energy accumulation and a more extensive high-stress zone. 2. Dynamic instability of deep roadways essentially results from rapid energy release and structural degradation of surrounding rock under strong dynamic disturbances induced by thick， hard roof fracturing， typically manifested as coal ejection and support system failure. 3. A layered collaborative control strategy combining pressure relief through variable-diameter borehole sealing and roof anchoring–grouting reinforcement is developed， forming a targeted protection system for immediately overlying thick， hard roofs.  Conclusions Field tests demonstrate that the proposed technology effectively ensures the stability of surrounding rock in gob-side roadways beneath immediately overlying thick， hard roofs， providing a valuable reference for support design in similar roadway conditions.

Key words: dynamic instability; immediately overlying thick， hard roof; gob-side roadway; dynamic disaster; layered collaborative support