张向阳, 张高俊, 许林峰, 等.厚煤硬顶综放末采覆岩深孔预裂爆破参数优化与效果分析研究[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,45(2):31-42.

ZHANG X Y , ZHANG G J, XU L F, et al. Research on optimization and effect analysis of deep-hole pre-splitting blasting parameters for overlying strata during the final mining stage of fully mechanized top-coal caving under a thick coal seam with a hard roof[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science) ,2026,45(2):31-42.

厚煤硬顶综放末采覆岩深孔预裂爆破参数优化与效果分析研究

张向阳1,2, 张高俊1,2, 许林峰1,2, 王重凯1,2

1.安徽理工大学 深部煤炭安全开采与环境保护全国重点实验室，安徽 淮南  232001；2.安徽理工大学 矿业工程学院，安徽 淮南  232001

摘要: 目的 为保障厚煤硬顶综放工作面末采期间支架安全回撤，开展厚煤硬顶综放末采覆岩深孔预裂爆破参数优化与效果分析。  方法 以王家岭矿区12314工作面为背景，构建大空间采场末采阶段结构力学模型和数值模型，建立覆岩荷载与支架承载力的动态耦合解析方法，提出切顶卸压的应力阻断定位方法。  结果 末采阶段，支架受力强弱的主控因素为顶板结构的悬臂长度和高度；增加切顶高度和缩小切顶位置均能显著提升应力阻断效果；应力阻断效果随切顶高度增加逐渐趋于稳定，临界高度为35 m；应力阻断效果随切顶位置与停采线之间距离增加逐渐减弱，临界距离为60 m；基于切顶参数和卸压指标的非线性关系，通过曲面拟合建立切顶卸压效果预测模型，预测误差仅为3.32%；12314工作面最优切顶参数下（停采线前35 m切顶配合30 m切顶高度），超前支承峰值应力降低25.93%，顶板最大下沉量降低14.10%，左帮和右帮峰值应力分别降低9.83%，5.50%。  结论 设计末采切顶参数组合应力阻断效果良好，预测模型可实现各卸压指标的快速计算与可视化，完成深孔预裂爆破关键参数设计与优化；“理论解析-数值模拟-预测分析-现场验证”研究框架和切顶参数设计标准化流程可为类似工程问题提供借鉴作用。

关键词:厚煤硬顶;深孔预裂爆破;切顶卸压;切顶高度;切顶位置

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2025040043

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（52074007）；安徽省自然科学基金资助项目（2508085ME131）；安徽理工大学引进人才科研启动基金资助项目（2024yjrc159）

收稿日期:2025/04/23

修回日期:2025/10/29

出版日期:2026/01/28

Research on optimization and effect analysis of deep-hole pre-splitting blasting parameters for overlying strata during the final mining stage of fully mechanized top-coal caving under a thick coal seam with a hard roof

Zhang Xiangyang1,2, Zhang Gaojun1,2, Xu Linfeng1,2, Wang Chongkai1,2

1.State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection， Huainan  232001， Anhui， China；2.School of Mining Engineering， Anhui University of Science and Technology， Huainan  232001， Anhui， China

Abstract: Objectives To ensure the safe withdrawal of hydraulic supports during the final mining stage of a fully mechanized top-coal caving face under a thick coal seam with a hard roof， this study investigates the optimization of deep-hole pre-splitting blasting parameters and evaluates the pressure-relief effectiveness of roof cutting in the overlying strata. Methods Taking the 12314 working face in the Wangjialing mining area as the engineering background， a structural mechanics model and a numerical model of a large-space stope during the final mining stage were established. A dynamic coupling analytical method between the overlying strata load and the support bearing capacity was developed， and a stress-blocking positioning method for roof cutting and pressure relief was proposed.  Results During the final mining stage， the cantilever length and height of the roof structure were identified as the dominant factors controlling support loading. Increasing the roof-cutting height and reducing the distance between the cutting position and the stop line significantly enhanced the stress-blocking effect. The stress-blocking efficiency gradually stabilized with increasing roof-cutting height， with a critical height of 35 m. In contrast， the stress-blocking effect weakened as the distance between the roof-cutting position and the stop line increased， with a critical distance of 60 m. Based on the nonlinear relationship between roof-cutting parameters and pressure-relief indicators， a prediction model for roof-cutting pressure-relief effectiveness was developed using surface fitting， achieving a prediction error of only 3.32%. Under the optimal roof-cutting parameters for the 12314 working face （roof cutting conducted 35 m ahead of the stop line with a cutting height of 30 m）， the peak advanced support stress was reduced by 25.93%， the maximum roof subsidence decreased by 14.10%， and the peak stresses on the left and right sides were reduced by 9.83% and 5.50%， respectively. Conclusions The designed combination of roof-cutting parameters for the final mining stage exhibits a pronounced stress-blocking and pressure-relief effect， effectively ensuring the safe withdrawal of hydraulic support. The proposed prediction model enables rapid calculation and visualization of multiple pressure-relief indicators， facilitating the design and optimization of key parameters for deep-hole pre-splitting blasting. Furthermore， the research framework of "theoretical analysis-numerical simulation-prediction analysis-on-site verification" and the standardized procedure for roof-cutting parameter design provide a valuable reference for similar engineering applications.

Key words: thick coal seam with a hard roof; deep-hole pre-splitting blasting; roof cutting and pressure relief; roof-cutting height; roof-cutting position