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不同瓦斯压力条件下原煤的变形及渗透特性研究

王永法1, 刘坡1, 马建宏2, 勾攀峰2, 韦四江2,3

1.鹤壁中泰矿业有限公司 河南 鹤壁  458000；2.河南理工大学 能源科学与工程学院 河南 焦作  454003；3.煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用省部共建协同创新中心 河南 焦作  454003

摘要: 目的 为分析瓦斯压力对煤体力学特性与渗透率演化的影响，开展不同瓦斯压力条件下原煤三轴压缩和渗流试验。  方法 通过三轴压缩和渗流实验，分析恒定围压和瓦斯压力下原煤的渗透率变化规律；结合莫尔-库仑强度准则计算黏聚力和内摩擦角；建立六阶段渗流演化模型，量化渗透率与膨胀变形率的关联性。  结果 结果表明：恒定围压条件下，煤样渗透率随轴向应力呈V形变化特性。随着围压增大，煤样初始渗透率和峰值状态渗透率均呈指数降低；结合莫尔-库仑强度准则，计算各瓦斯压力下煤样的内聚力和内摩擦角，瓦斯压力的升高可弱化煤体力学参数；根据煤样加载过程中轴向应力及瓦斯流量监测结果，将加载轴压过程中煤样渗流过程划分为6个阶段：稳定吸附→衰减→缓增→突增→稳增→激增；结合煤样瓦斯渗透特性试验结果，分析煤样膨胀变形率与渗透率关系特性，峰值后瓦斯渗透率与膨胀变形率的变化呈线性关系。  结论 研究结果揭示了轴向压力、围压和瓦斯耦合作用下煤样渗透率的动态演化规律，阐明了瓦斯压力对煤体力学特性及煤样渗透率与膨胀变形率关系的影响特性，为保护层开采中卸压范围划定、抽采时序设计及钻孔参数优化提供了关键理论支撑。

关键词:瓦斯压力;原煤;变形特性;渗透特性

doi:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2025040033

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51974104）

收稿日期:2025/04/16

修回日期:2025/10/13

出版日期:2026/01/28

Deformation and permeability characteristics of raw coal under different gas pressures

Wang Yongfa1, Liu Po1, Ma Jianhong2, Gou Panfeng2, Wei Sijiang2,3

1.Hebi Zhongtai Mining Co.， Ltd.， Hebi  458000， Henan， China；2.School of Energy Science and Engineering， Henan Polytechnic University， Jiaozuo  454003， Henan， China；3.Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization， Jiaozuo  454003， Henan， China

Abstract: Objectives To investigate the deformation behavior and permeability evolution of raw coal under different gas pressures， and to clarify the mechanical-seepage coupling characteristics of coal under gas-bearing conditions.  Methods Triaxial compression-seepage experiments were conducted on raw coal samples under constant confining pressure and varying gas pressures. The permeability evolution during loading was analyzed. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion， the cohesion and internal friction angle of coal under different gas pressures were calculated. A six-stage seepage evolution model was established to quantitatively characterize the relationship between permeability and volumetric strain rate.  Results Under constant confining pressure， coal permeability exhibits a distinct V-shaped variation with increasing axial stress. With increasing confining pressure， both the initial permeability and the peak-state permeability decrease exponentially. Increasing gas pressure weakens the mechanical parameters of coal， including cohesion and internal friction angle. According to the monitoring results of axial stress and gas flow during axial loading， the seepage process can be divided into six stages： stable adsorption， attenuation， gradual increase， abrupt increase， steady increase， and rapid surge. After the peak stress， gas permeability shows a linear relationship with the volumetric strain rate.  Conclusions This study reveals the dynamic evolution of coal permeability under the coupled effects of axial stress， confining pressure， and gas pressure， and clarifies the influence of gas pressure on coal mechanical properties and the permeability–deformation relationship. The results provide important theoretical support for determining pressure-relief zones， designing gas extraction sequences， and optimizing borehole parameters in protective seam mining.

Key words: gas pressure; raw coal; deformation characteristics; permeability characteristics